European Journal of Immunology, Volume 55, Issue 12, December 2025.

Our cover features images related to flow cytometry techniques widely used for analysis of function and phenotypes of major human and murine immune cell subsets, superimposed on a multidimensional immune cell population scatter plot. These images are taken from the third edition of EJI’s Flow Cytometry Guidelines by Cossarizza et al., a comprehensive resource prepared … Read more

How the immune system of people with diabetes responds to vaccination against respiratory viruses is not well understood. Using activation-induced markers to identify, quantify, and functionally characterize Spike-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, we show defects in T cell memory maintenance and an IL-10 and IL-13-dominated T cell response in people with … Read more

This review highlights recent advances that enable spatially resolved analysis of immunometabolism within tissue microenvironments. Integrating mass spectrometry imaging, vibrational microscopy, and spatial omics reveals how metabolic organization shapes immune function in cancer and other pathologies. ABSTRACT The metabolic programs of immune cells influence their activation, differentiation, and effector functions. While much of immunometabolism has … Read more

How chronic immune stimulations differentially shape CD4⁺ T cell senescence remains unclear. Using high-dimensional mass cytometry and functional profiling, we show that cytomegalovirus (CMV) drives expansion of cytotoxic CD27−CD28− CD4⁺ T cells, whereas rheumatoid arthritis (RA) exerts nonredundant effects by modulating their effector capacity. ABSTRACT Chronic antigen exposure drives CD4⁺ T cell senescence, yet how … Read more

Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) in lymph nodes contribute to peripheral tolerance via MHC-class-II-mediated antigen presentation. Using scRNAseq and protein analysis, we identify BST1+CD200+ FRCs, including the mature T cell-zone FRCs, as key MHC-class-II expressing subsets in mice and humans, highlighting their potential role in immune regulation. ABSTRACT Autoimmunity can be initiated by autoreactive T cells … Read more

CD8+CD69− memory T cells (Schneider Revueltas et al.) were identified to reside in bone marrow besides canonical CD8+CD69+ tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM). In addition, CD4+CD69+ Tr1-like cells (Pulvirenti et al.) were preferentially found in bone marrow. Together, these findings illustrate diversity in the T cell subsets that reside long-term within the bone marrow. ABSTRACT Recent studies … Read more

Proposed mechanism underlying the repression of ZFP36 and induction of ZFP36L1 by calcineurin. ELK-1 is activated by stimuli and promotes the transcription of Zfp36. Calcineurin dephosphorylates active ELK-1 to inhibit its positive effect on Zfp36 transcription, while promoting NFAT-mediated Zfp36l1 transcription. ABSTRACT CD8+ T cells target infected or malignant cells via the production of pro-inflammatory … Read more

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signaling through E-prostanoid receptors (EP) 2 and 4 induces a distinct human macrophage phenotype and affects their functions. Targeting the PGE2-EP2/4 axis in macrophages with soluble or nanoparticle-encapsulated EP2/4 antagonists counteracts the PGE2-induced effect in a 2D and 3D tumor microenvironment using patient-derived tumor organoids. ABSTRACT Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is one important … Read more

European Journal of Immunology, Volume 55, Issue 11, November 2025.