European Journal of Immunology

Genetic and epidemiological studies have together identified hundreds of risk factors for MS, but we know relatively little about the mechanisms through which these cause disease. In this review, we explore a new generation of studies that are integrating genetics and environment to uncover disease mechanisms. Progress toward novel therapeutics is likely to come from … Read more

Nur77 is associated with a TCF-1+ memory-like, polyfunctional profile in virus-specific human CD8+ T cells across acute-resolved, vaccinated, and chronic viral infections, and its pharmacologic modulation in vitro enhances the functionality of dysfunctional HIV- and HBV-specific CD8+ T cells in chronic co-infections. ABSTRACT Human CD8+ T cells undergo significant metabolic and transcriptional shifts during activation … Read more

The evolving landscape of transcriptomic technologies tailored for neutrophil research. ABSTRACT Tumor neutrophils exhibit marked phenotypic plasticity and can play dual roles in tumor biology, encompassing both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressive activities. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) enables transcriptomic profiling of tumor neutrophils at single-cell resolution, whereas spatial transcriptomics (ST) addresses key limitations of scRNA-seq by preserving … Read more

In the absence of a pre-BCR, a subset of mature B cells that expresses IgH chains with very short, hydrophobic and positively charged H-CDR3 loops is generated. This results in massive clonal expansion and the development of autoreactive plasma cells exhibiting these characteristics. ABSTRACT The immune system is essential for protection against invading pathogens. However, if … Read more

Basal IFN-I acts as a rheostat to fine-tune CD8 T cell anergy. The presence of IFN-I induces a less deep anergic state characterised by greater expansion, residual effector function and plasticity. This favours the accumulation of autoreactive T cells that retain the potential to break tolerance rather than undergoing deletion. Created in BioRender (2026). https://BioRender.com/y0syq8s … Read more

European Journal of Immunology, Volume 56, Issue 5, May 2026.

Integrated overview of host defense and immune evasion in Lyme Borreliosis. Bbsl evades immunity through tick saliva-mediated suppression of innate defenses, TLR2/NOD2-driven cytokine dysregulation, and interference with JAK/STAT and CIITA-dependent antigen presentation. Impaired autophagy skews responses toward pathogenic Th17 activity, while disrupted lymph node architecture, persistent IgM, and defective CD4+ T cell function collectively impair … Read more

Spatial multiomics profiling can reveal how tumor heterogeneity and microenvironment influence ADC efficacy. Combining spatial transcriptomics, proteomics, and AI-based analysis improves the identification of tissue factors influencing therapy response. This integrative approach potentially enables prediction of response, resistance, and optimized patient selection, which we review here. ABSTRACT Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) have transformed the therapeutic landscape … Read more

IC-mediated inflammatory response—the NLRP3 inflammasome activation, cytokine secretion, and antigen presentation depend on SYK signalling pathways in primary murine microglia. ABSTRACT Viral infections might trigger systemic inflammatory responses characterised by inflammasome activation and cytokine release, driven by immune complex (IC) formation, but the precise mechanism remains unknown. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a vital component of … Read more

Our cover features images related to flow cytometry techniques widely used for analysis of function and phenotypes of major human and murine immune cell subsets, superimposed on a multidimensional immune cell population scatter plot. These images are taken from the third edition of EJI’s Flow Cytometry Guidelines by Cossarizza et al., a comprehensive resource prepared … Read more