Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using in vitro expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can be curative in melanoma but has inconsistent clinical responses. Chiffelle, Barras, et al. track TIL clonotypes in melanoma patients through ACT therapy and p…
Our brain is not an immune-privileged island isolated from peripheries, but how non-neuronal brain cells interact with the peripheral system is not well understood. Wei et al. report that microglia in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) with…
Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells serve as a first-line defense against many pathogens. In this issue of Immunity, Buquicchio et al. unveil the epigenomic landscapes of virus-specific CD8+ T cell subsets, highlighting common and organ-specific regula…
Aging leads to alterations that precipitate or aggravate several diseases that occur across our lifespan. In the CNS, aging affects the capacity to maintain and repair the myelin sheaths that protect axons and facilitate neuronal signaling. Tiwari et a…
Intestinal macrophages play a key role in regulating immune tolerance in the gut. In this issue of Immunity, Mertens et al. uncover a mechanism for the establishment of memory in macrophage tolerance in the gut involving a bistable metabolic switch in …
The immune system has a vital, albeit complex, relationship with the microbes residing within us, one that we are only beginning to understand. We asked investigators what they felt were the fundamental challenges we currently face in unraveling the im…
Chronic inflammation is considered a hallmark of aging. In a recent issue of Nature, Widjaja et al. examined genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of interleukin (IL)-11 on aging pathology and found that inhibiting IL-11 signaling increases lifespan and…
Lag3 is a co-inhibitory receptor expressed on T cells, including Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. However, the mechanism underlying Lag3 functions in Treg cells remains largely unclear. Kim et al. generated Treg-specific Lag3 mutant mice and reported that La…
Conventional anticoagulant therapies to prevent thrombosis also carry inherent bleeding risks. Identifying that antibodies and complement are key drivers of venous thrombosis in mice, Stark et al. not only find hallmarks of the mechanism preserved in h…
CD4+ T cells are important contributors to autoimmune disease pathology. Saggau, Bacher et al. characterize autoantigen-specific CD4+ T helper cells in various human autoimmune diseases, revealing features of exhaustion. These findings provide insight …
