Seminars in Immunology

Semin Immunol. 2026 Feb 24;81:102017. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2026.102017. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Upon antigenic stimulation and cytokine cues, CD4⁺ T cells differentiate into specialized helper subsets, giving rise to Th1, Th2, Th9 and Th17 cell lineages. These subsets orchestrate distinct immune functions that protect the host but can also drive immunopathology when dysregulated. The classical … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2026 Feb 21:102018. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2026.102018. Online ahead of print. NO ABSTRACT PMID:41723008 | DOI:10.1016/j.smim.2026.102018

Semin Immunol. 2026 Feb 10;81:102016. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2026.102016. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), including multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), are characterized by chronic inflammation driven by autoreactive immune responses against CNS antigens. Successes in the development of efficacious … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2026 Jan 29;81:102015. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2026.102015. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Recent studies have revealed that neurotransmitters, as a class of important signaling molecules, have functional roles that extend beyond the traditional nervous system and play critical regulatory functions in the tumor immune microenvironment. Research has demonstrated that various classical neurotransmitters and their receptors … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2026 Jan 14;81:102014. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2026.102014. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT IL-9 promotes airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilia, mast cell expansion, and antibody-mediated inflammation through interactions with mast cells, eosinophils, B cells, and airway and lung macrophages in models of allergic airway disease. IL-9 has increasingly been linked to asthma severity in patients. Early studies primarily … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2025 Dec 16;81:102013. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.102013. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The involvement of T helper cells in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, has been a subject of considerable research interest. The clinical picture of IBD is characterised by chronic intestinal inflammatory processes that may lead … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2025 Dec 15;81:102012. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.102012. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The liver is both a central metabolic organ and a uniquely tolerogenic immune niche, which makes it a frequent site of liver metastases (LMS) and a challenging environment for immunotherapy. It is increasingly appreciated that resident liver cells- Kupffer cells, Ito cells, liver … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2025 Dec 2;81:101998. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.101998. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Oncolytic viruses (OV) are designed to seek out and kill cancer cells, while simultaneously inciting potent antitumour immunity. While their exact mechanism of action is incompletely understood, therapeutic activity is proposed to rely on viruses selectively infecting cancer cells – not only to … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2025 Nov 28;81:102005. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.102005. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT IL-1 family members, such as IL-1 and IL-33, are present in the tumor microenvironment and exert tumor-intrinsic and tumor-extrinsic functions with both pro- and anti-tumor effects. Among their immunoregulatory roles, both cytokines contribute to lymphoid type-2 immunity. IL-1 can indirectly promote CD4+ Th2 … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2025 Nov 6;80:102004. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.102004. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Hepatocellular carcinoma developing in patients with HBV chronic infection are marked by expression of whole or partial HBV antigens through a highly tissue-specific process, determined by the hepatotropism of HBV. HBV antigens are therefore a possible target for adoptive T cell immunotherapy as … Read more