Semin Immunol. 2026 Jan 14;81:102014. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2026.102014. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT IL-9 promotes airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilia, mast cell expansion, and antibody-mediated inflammation through interactions with mast cells, eosinophils, B cells, and airway and lung macrophages in models of allergic airway disease. IL-9 has increasingly been linked to asthma severity in patients. Early studies primarily … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2025 Dec 16;81:102013. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.102013. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The involvement of T helper cells in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, has been a subject of considerable research interest. The clinical picture of IBD is characterised by chronic intestinal inflammatory processes that may lead … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2025 Dec 15;81:102012. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.102012. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The liver is both a central metabolic organ and a uniquely tolerogenic immune niche, which makes it a frequent site of liver metastases (LMS) and a challenging environment for immunotherapy. It is increasingly appreciated that resident liver cells- Kupffer cells, Ito cells, liver … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2025 Dec 2;81:101998. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.101998. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Oncolytic viruses (OV) are designed to seek out and kill cancer cells, while simultaneously inciting potent antitumour immunity. While their exact mechanism of action is incompletely understood, therapeutic activity is proposed to rely on viruses selectively infecting cancer cells – not only to … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2025 Nov 28;81:102005. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.102005. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT IL-1 family members, such as IL-1 and IL-33, are present in the tumor microenvironment and exert tumor-intrinsic and tumor-extrinsic functions with both pro- and anti-tumor effects. Among their immunoregulatory roles, both cytokines contribute to lymphoid type-2 immunity. IL-1 can indirectly promote CD4+ Th2 … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2025 Nov 6;80:102004. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.102004. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Hepatocellular carcinoma developing in patients with HBV chronic infection are marked by expression of whole or partial HBV antigens through a highly tissue-specific process, determined by the hepatotropism of HBV. HBV antigens are therefore a possible target for adoptive T cell immunotherapy as … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2025 Nov 1;80:102003. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.102003. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Over the past decades, Interleukin-9 (IL-9) and TH9 cells, have gained attention as important regulators of diverse responses throughout the promotion of activation and expansion of diverse cell subtypes. TH9 cells have been studied in several immunological contexts, including allergic and autoimmune responses, … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2025 Nov 1;80:102002. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.102002. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT IL-1β belongs to the IL-1 family and has the particularity to need to be cleaved by caspase-1 to be active. Once processed, IL-1β is secreted and binds to IL-1R1 on target cells, leading to the transcription of specific genes. Within a tumor, IL-1β … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2025 Oct 24;80:102001. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.102001. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Oncolytic viruses are gaining traction as novel cancer immunotherapy tools given their ability to selectively target transformed cells. While direct tumor debulking was historically considered their primary mode of action, it is now appreciated that antitumor immunity significantly contributes to therapeutic efficacy. While … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2025 Oct 16;80:101999. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.101999. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT T helper 9 (Th9) cells, characterized by their production of interleukin-9 (IL-9), play pivotal roles in protective immunity and inflammatory disease. Their differentiation depends on the integration of three signals: TCR engagement (Signal 1), co-stimulatory receptor activation (Signal 2), and cytokine-driven transcriptional programming … Read more