Seminars in Immunology

Semin Immunol. 2025 Apr 22;78:101955. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.101955. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Autoimmune encephalitides (AEs) are neurological disorders caused by autoantibodies against neuronal and glial surface proteins. Nearly 20 years after their discovery, AE have evolved from being frequently misdiagnosed and untreated to a growing group of increasingly well-characterized conditions where patients benefit from targeted … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2025 Apr 9;78:101953. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.101953. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Cellular stress responses are pivotal in maintaining tissue homeostasis and intricately linked with various diseases. Macrophages, a key player of innate immune system, exhibit remarkable plasticity and responsiveness to environmental cues. In response to various cellular stresses, macrophages contribute to tissue homeostasis and … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2025 Apr 9;78:101952. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.101952. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT IL-37, as a member of the IL-1 cytokine family, has been extensively characterized as a critical immunoregulatory molecule that suppresses both innate and adaptive immune responses. This cytokine demonstrates constitutive and inducible expression patterns across various immune and non-immune cells in response to … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2025 Apr 9;78:101951. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.101951. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Tumor growth and spread are sustained by the tumor microenvironment. Inflammatory cells and pathways have a fundamental role in the tumor microenvironment, driving or conditioning the functional activation of other leukocyte subsets and favoring evasion of anti-tumor immunity. One of the inflammatory pathways … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2025 Apr 8;78:101949. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.101949. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones with diverse and important roles in the physiologic response to stress. These include permissive and suppressive effects on immunity, which help prepare the organism for future infectious stressors and control the immunological response to a recent stressor, preventing … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2025 Apr 2;78:101947. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.101947. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in which complex networks of interacting immune cells initiate and sustain the disease. The pathogenesis of relapsing MS is driven by adaptive immune cells that become activated outside the … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2025 Apr 2;78:101950. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.101950. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The hallmarks of cancer are a set of traits that normal cells acquire during their transformation into malignancy. Among the biological processes influencing these hallmarks, the innate immune complement system plays a critical role. It can operate canonically-in blood and tissues-via phagocytosis, inflammation, … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2025 Mar 29;78:101946. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.101946. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Glycosylation of antibodies is essential for shaping immune responses, as it contributes significantly to antibody function and diversity. While immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc glycosylation is well-characterized, variable domain glycosylation (VDG) introduces an additional and less understood layer of complexity. Notably, VDG is associated … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2025 Mar 28;78:101948. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.101948. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is a transcription factor known primarily for its role in antiviral immunity via regulation of type I interferons (IFNs). Recent research has broadened its significance to encompass metabolic disorders, particularly obesity and diabetes. Obesity is characterized by chronic … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2025 Mar 27;78:101945. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.101945. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Ever since the discovery of pathogenic aquaporin 4-specific antibodies in the serum of patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders current knowledge about clinical observations and diagnosis, and about the underlying pathology and resulting therapies have been put forward in excellent reviews and primary … Read more