A mother’s touch: microbial guardians of early immune imprinting. Melody Y Zeng

Trends Immunol. 2025 Oct 6:S1471-4906(25)00227-3. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.09.008. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The evolution of the fetal immune system within the womb is a delicate balancing act: it is trained to not reject maternal antigens, while equipping itself with ‘learned’ immunity to survive and thrive in the outside world. In this opinion article, we propose … Read more

Germinal centre B cell disruption by non-typhoidal Salmonella. Francisco Osorio-Barrios

Trends Immunol. 2025 Oct 3:S1471-4906(25)00226-1. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.09.007. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STm) represents a major global health burden. Strains endemic in sub-Saharan Africa cause life-threatening invasive non-typhoidal salmonellosis (iNTS) in vulnerable populations. Studies in the iNTS-like mouse model show that STm induces profound germinal centre (GC) disruption, impairing high-affinity, long-lived … Read more

Potential impact of long-read sequencing on complement-mediated diseases. Sarah M Carpanini

Trends Immunol. 2025 Oct 2:S1471-4906(25)00225-X. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.09.006. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The complement genes harbour genetic variants that affect numerous diseases; however, these genes are notoriously repeat-heavy, and these repeat regions are largely unexplored for disease-relevant genetic variation. Elucidating these ‘dark’ regions is now possible using long-read sequencing (LRS), enabling identification of novel disease-relevant … Read more

Kupffer cells facilitate intrahepatic CD4 T cell help. Tobias Boettler

Trends Immunol. 2025 Sep 29:S1471-4906(25)00223-6. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.09.004. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Intrahepatic immune responses are often insufficient to control hepatitis virus infections. A recent study by Venzin and colleagues demonstrates a detailed mechanism by which an intrahepatic tricellular network and the cytokine IL-27 can augment virus-specific immunity. PMID:41027760 | DOI:10.1016/j.it.2025.09.004

Balancing IL-17-mediated protection and IFN-γ-driven pathology at mucocutaneous barriers. Lucas Dos Santos Dias

Trends Immunol. 2025 Sep 26:S1471-4906(25)00221-2. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.09.002. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Mucocutaneous surfaces rely on IL-17-producing lymphocytes to preserve barrier integrity and prevent bacterial and fungal overgrowth. Accordingly, genetic or pharmacological IL-17 deficiencies lead to mucocutaneous infections. Interferon (IFN)-γ mediates host defense against intracellular pathogens, but excessive mucosal IFN-γ activity can paradoxically impair epithelial … Read more

Emerging insights into mosaic errors of immunity. Willem Roosens

Trends Immunol. 2025 Sep 25:S1471-4906(25)00222-4. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.09.003. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Mosaic errors of immunity (MEI) encompass a group of immune disorders caused by somatic or gonosomal gene variants affecting hematopoiesis and immune function. Although the causal role of mosaicism in monogenic immune disorders has been recognized for over two decades, our understanding of … Read more

Decoding immune aging at single-cell resolution. Yankai Wang

Trends Immunol. 2025 Sep 25:S1471-4906(25)00220-0. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.09.001. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Advances in single-cell sequencing have transformed our understanding of immune aging by enabling high-resolution dissection of age-associated changes in cellular composition and function. Recent years have seen a surge in studies leveraging single-cell multi-omics to chart immune trajectories across the human lifespan, uncovering … Read more

Keep your neutrophils close, but your mast cells closer. Samir Ali-Moussa

Trends Immunol. 2025 Sep 18:S1471-4906(25)00224-8. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.09.005. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Immune activity at the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-dura-brain interface regulates key functions of brain physiology. In two back-to-back papers, Mamuladze et al. and Kothari et al. show that dural mast cells (MCs) are strategically positioned to coordinate this regulation, controlling CSF flow dynamics and … Read more

Nonclassical HLA and pseudogenes in maternal-fetal tolerance and cancer. Marie Duhamel

Trends Immunol. 2025 Sep 18:S1471-4906(25)00216-9. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.08.006. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The immunological tolerance protecting the fetus from maternal rejection during pregnancy involves nonclassical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules (HLA-G, HLA-E, HLA-F) interacting with maternal immune-inhibitory receptors. Cancers similarly exploit these molecules to evade immune detection and promote tumor progression. Pseudogenes within … Read more

Transcriptional control of natural killer cell antitumor activity. Barbara L Kee

Trends Immunol. 2025 Sep 18:S1471-4906(25)00217-0. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.08.007. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Natural killer (NK) cells protect from viral infection, cancer, and metastasis, and are emerging as valuable therapeutics for cancer treatment. NK-cell control of viral infection has been studied intensively, but less is known in the context of cancer. Multiple associative, preclinical, and early … Read more

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