Trends in Immunology

Trends Immunol. 2025 Aug 26:S1471-4906(25)00200-5. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.08.002. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Gut dysbiosis and intestinal inflammation may contribute to neurological disorders through the gut-brain axis. A recent report by White et al. uncovered that intestinal inflammation triggers the migration of microbiota-specific CD4+ T cells to the brain, where they drive neuroinflammatory responses via IL-23R/GM-CSF. … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Aug 22:S1471-4906(25)00181-4. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.07.014. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Metabolic reprogramming and signaling are key orchestrators of T cell immunity. Recent studies have illustrated important roles for intracellular organelles, especially mitochondria and lysosomes, in enforcing T cell metabolism and signaling in response to various extracellular cues. As such, mitochondrial and lysosomal function … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Aug 15:S1471-4906(25)00179-6. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.07.012. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Recently, a large pool of antigens derived from viral and bacterial microorganisms showing molecular mimicry with tumour-cell-expressed antigens was identified. These antigens can be presented by MHC molecules and elicit T cells that are crossreactive with microbial antigens and tumour-cell-associated antigens. In the … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Aug 14:S1471-4906(25)00177-2. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.07.010. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Interactions between autoimmune disorders and lymphoid malignancies have long been recognized; for instance, with prominent autoimmune manifestations in B- and T-cell lymphomas and an increased risk of lymphoma development in individuals with autoimmune diseases. More recently, several lines of evidence have shown that … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Aug 14:S1471-4906(25)00175-9. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.07.008. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT T cells can exchange parts of their plasma membrane along with membrane-associated proteins through trogocytosis. During trogocytosis only certain subsets of membrane-associated proteins seem to be exchanged suggesting a fine-tuned mechanism regulating the selection of what can be transferred. In this review, we … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Aug 13:S1471-4906(25)00174-7. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.07.007. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT An allelic variant of the autophagy gene ATG16L1 (T300A) is a genetic risk factor for Crohn’s disease. However, over 50% of the global population carries at least one copy. Yao et al. have demonstrated a heterozygote advantage, where the pathogen-protective effect of one … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Aug 7:S1471-4906(25)00180-2. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.07.013. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Early antibiotic exposure disrupts the gut microbiota, impairing newborn antiviral immunity. Stevens et al. uncover that inosine, a metabolite produced by gut bacteria, restores the function of antiviral T cells by modulating gene regulation, boosting lung immune defenses against respiratory viruses. PMID:40781010 | … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Aug 7:S1471-4906(25)00178-4. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.07.011. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Humanized mouse models with transgenic expression of human myelopoiesis-supporting growth factors have enhanced human myeloid cell engraftment and improved the study of human innate immune responses. Here, we discuss the remaining challenges associated with studying innate immunity in humanized NSG-SGM3 and MISTRG mice, … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Jul 29:S1471-4906(25)00176-0. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.07.009. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Chronic inflammation drives diseases like osteoarthritis and MASH, yet its molecular distinction from acute inflammation remains unclear. In a recent Nature study, Wang et al. revealed that chronic stress triggers WSTF degradation via nuclear autophagy, amplifying NF-κB responses. Blocking this pathway attenuates chronic … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Jul 23:S1471-4906(25)00168-1. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.07.001. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT CD4 T cell tolerance is essential for immune homeostasis but its mechanisms remain unclear. Although regulatory T cells (Tregs) mediate T cell-extrinsic tolerance, this review emphasizes the CD4 T cell-intrinsic pathways – anergy and exhaustion – that are triggered by suboptimal or persistent … Read more