Trends Immunol. 2025 Nov 20:S1471-4906(25)00269-8. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.10.012. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Interleukin-27 (IL-27), a member of the IL-12 cytokine family, was long viewed primarily as a regulator of CD4+ T cell immunity. Subsequent studies revealed that IL-27 also directly modulates CD8+ T cells, displaying both stimulatory and inhibitory potential. Recent work extends this earlier … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Nov 19:S1471-4906(25)00286-8. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.11.003. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Chi and colleagues revealed that dietary cysteine enhances intestinal stem cell (ISC) regeneration, driving coenzyme A (CoA) synthesis and expansion of intraepithelial (IEL) CD8αβ+ T cells that secrete IL-22. This epithelial-immune crosstalk potentiates ISC repair after injury, highlighting a metabolism-immune axis linking cysteine … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Nov 17:S1471-4906(25)00284-4. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.11.001. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Burn et al. reveal a previously unrecognised, non-catalytic function of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation; integrating super-resolution microscopy and biochemical approaches, they demonstrated that MPO’s oligomeric state governs chromatin decondensation, redefining MPO as a structural chromatin modifier with implications for … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Nov 13:S1471-4906(25)00268-6. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.10.011. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Recent research has shown that sequential colonization of the skin by various subsets of immune cells, particularly T cells, during perinatal stages forms layered surveillance networks crucial for maintaining skin tissue integrity and function. Here, we review our current understanding of key epigenetic … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Nov 10:S1471-4906(25)00252-2. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.10.008. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a central role in host defense against microbial infections but also contributes to inflammatory diseases. Functioning of NLRP3 strictly relies on two signals: a ‘priming signal’ that licenses NLRP3 activity and an ‘activation signal’ that triggers inflammasome assembly and … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Nov 8:S1471-4906(25)00283-2. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.10.016. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT HIV-1 persists lifelong despite effective antiretroviral therapy, yet the mechanisms underlying this persistence remain incompletely understood. Recent work by Wei et al. and Gao et al. reveals that the transcription factor BACH2 orchestrates CD4+ T cell memory programs fostering long-term memory formation while … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Nov 7:S1471-4906(25)00251-0. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.10.007. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Germinal center B cell-like diffuse large B cell lymphoma (GCB-DLBCL) originates from the malignant transformation of germinal center B cells. This process is driven by transcriptional and epigenetic dysregulations, frequently caused by recurrent mutations and chromosomal translocations. These changes lead to a differentiation … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Nov 6:S1471-4906(25)00248-0. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.10.004. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Trained immunity (TRIM) is a de facto form of innate immune memory. While histone modifications contribute to TRIM, their reversible nature and susceptibility to dilution during cell division cannot fully account for its long-term persistence. Here, we propose that DNA methylation patterns, particularly … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Nov 5:S1471-4906(25)00249-2. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.10.005. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Orthoflaviviruses – including dengue, Zika, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, and Powassan viruses – are mosquito- and tick-borne members of the family Flaviviridae. Orthoflaviviruses pose major public health threats, with the potential for epidemics and pandemics. Lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines offer a … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Oct 29:S1471-4906(25)00247-9. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.10.003. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT This essay uses immunology to illuminate human relationships. Moving beyond self/non-self toward danger-based models, it draws parallels between cytokine communication and language, tolerance and forgiveness, microbiota diversity and coexistence. Recognizing these metaphors reveals pathways toward healthier connections within individuals, communities, and societies. PMID:41168013 … Read more