Trends Immunol. 2025 Aug 13:S1471-4906(25)00174-7. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.07.007. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT An allelic variant of the autophagy gene ATG16L1 (T300A) is a genetic risk factor for Crohn’s disease. However, over 50% of the global population carries at least one copy. Yao et al. have demonstrated a heterozygote advantage, where the pathogen-protective effect of one … Read more
Trends Immunol. 2025 Aug 7:S1471-4906(25)00178-4. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.07.011. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Humanized mouse models with transgenic expression of human myelopoiesis-supporting growth factors have enhanced human myeloid cell engraftment and improved the study of human innate immune responses. Here, we discuss the remaining challenges associated with studying innate immunity in humanized NSG-SGM3 and MISTRG mice, … Read more
Trends Immunol. 2025 Aug 7:S1471-4906(25)00180-2. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.07.013. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Early antibiotic exposure disrupts the gut microbiota, impairing newborn antiviral immunity. Stevens et al. uncover that inosine, a metabolite produced by gut bacteria, restores the function of antiviral T cells by modulating gene regulation, boosting lung immune defenses against respiratory viruses. PMID:40781010 | … Read more
Trends Immunol. 2025 Jul 29:S1471-4906(25)00176-0. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.07.009. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Chronic inflammation drives diseases like osteoarthritis and MASH, yet its molecular distinction from acute inflammation remains unclear. In a recent Nature study, Wang et al. revealed that chronic stress triggers WSTF degradation via nuclear autophagy, amplifying NF-κB responses. Blocking this pathway attenuates chronic … Read more
Trends Immunol. 2025 Jul 23:S1471-4906(25)00168-1. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.07.001. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT CD4 T cell tolerance is essential for immune homeostasis but its mechanisms remain unclear. Although regulatory T cells (Tregs) mediate T cell-extrinsic tolerance, this review emphasizes the CD4 T cell-intrinsic pathways – anergy and exhaustion – that are triggered by suboptimal or persistent … Read more
Trends Immunol. 2025 Jul 21:S1471-4906(25)00163-2. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.06.006. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Communication between the gut microbiota and host post-translational modifications (PTMs) has been extensively characterized, and recent evidence delineates a functionally integrated gut microbiota-host PTM axis. This axis is not only essential for maintaining metabolism homeostasis but also plays diverse roles in regulating disease … Read more
Trends Immunol. 2025 Jul 18:S1471-4906(25)00173-5. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.07.006. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT CD8 T cell activation and acquisition of cytolytic activity, which is essential for adaptive immunity, begins with priming in the lymph node (LN). Jobin et al. recently identified a second, delayed priming phase driven by competition with regulatory T cells for IL-2, revealing … Read more
Trends Immunol. 2025 Jul 18:S1471-4906(25)00167-X. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.06.007. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for maintaining immune tolerance, and their dysfunction is a hallmark of autoimmune diseases. Recent studies have identified key transcriptional, metabolic, and environmental drivers of Treg instability and loss of function. Understanding these mechanisms opens new avenues … Read more
Trends Immunol. 2025 Jul 15:S1471-4906(25)00170-X. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.07.003. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Neutrophil numbers fluctuate over time, peaking during active phases to enhance immunity. The molecular link between circadian signals and cellular clocks remains unclear. Yi Du et al. show that light-regulated Per2 increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and bacterial killing in zebrafish neutrophils … Read more
Trends Immunol. 2025 Jul 12:S1471-4906(25)00161-9. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.06.004. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Circadian rhythms are key regulators of immune functions. These endogenous oscillations help to maintain immune homeostasis, regulate responses to pathogens, and shape vaccine efficacy. Recent studies further indicate that they are of clinical relevance for cancer immunotherapies. While circadian immune rhythms are thus … Read more
