Trends in Immunology

Trends Immunol. 2025 Dec 6:S1471-4906(25)00301-1. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.11.005. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The developmental origins of health and diseases concept posits that early-life exposure to environmental adversities increases risks for diverse noncommunicable and infectious diseases. Among these adversities, maternal malnutrition is a critical determinant of offspring health trajectories. Maternal malnutrition from preconception to lactation can … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Dec 5:S1471-4906(25)00300-X. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.11.004. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The intestinal epithelium functions as an immune-metabolic interface, integrating environmental signals to maintain systemic homeostasis. Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), interspersed within the epithelial layer, form a highly interactive network with intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to coordinate barrier defense, immune tolerance, and metabolic regulation. IECs … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Dec 4:S1471-4906(25)00267-4. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.10.010. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has drawn global attention to post-acute infection syndromes (PAIS), with millions affected by post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC, or Long COVID). While Long COVID is newly defined, PAIS have been described for over a century following epidemic infections. Multiple pathogens … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Dec 1:S1471-4906(25)00285-6. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.11.002. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The interaction between the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and the tumor determines whether immune evasion or antitumor immunity prevails. Metabolic reprogramming is increasingly recognized as a critical factor shaping the tumor immune response. Glucose metabolism regulates the intrinsic cellular states of both immune … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Dec 1:S1471-4906(25)00250-9. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.10.006. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Identification of antigenic ligands for the γδ T cell receptor (TCR) has remained a highly challenging goal since the emergence in the 1980s of γδ T cells as a distinct immune compartment. In a significant advance more than 12 years ago, endothelial protein … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Nov 25:S1471-4906(25)00272-8. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.10.015. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Programmed cell death (PCD) encompasses several tightly regulated molecular signalling pathways, leading to the controlled destruction of cells. Apoptosis is a non-immunogenic form of cell death that regulates homeostasis to cell stressors. In contrast, lytic forms of cell death – necroptosis, pyroptosis, and … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Nov 24:S1471-4906(25)00270-4. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.10.013. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The maintenance of serum antibodies requires the persistence of plasma cells within the bone marrow (BM). However, little is understood about why relatively few BM plasma cells live for extended periods. We consider two opposing viewpoints. We first consider the notion that sustained … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Nov 20:S1471-4906(25)00271-6. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.10.014. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Inflammasomes have emerged as central regulators of (auto)immune pathology, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Once exclusively considered in the domain of myeloid cells, both canonical and noncanonical inflammasomes are now recognized in diverse immune and nonimmune populations relevant to MS, including T lymphocytes, blood-brain … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Nov 19:S1471-4906(25)00253-4. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.10.009. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT IL-22, produced by various cell types including T helper (Th) 17 cells and group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s), plays a pivotal role in gut homeostasis by acting on non-hematopoietic cells. It promotes epithelial barrier integrity, tissue repair, and antimicrobial defense. Beyond its … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Nov 20:S1471-4906(25)00269-8. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.10.012. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Interleukin-27 (IL-27), a member of the IL-12 cytokine family, was long viewed primarily as a regulator of CD4+ T cell immunity. Subsequent studies revealed that IL-27 also directly modulates CD8+ T cells, displaying both stimulatory and inhibitory potential. Recent work extends this earlier … Read more