Trends in Immunology

Trends Immunol. 2025 Jul 12:S1471-4906(25)00171-1. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.07.004. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a life-threatening neurodegenerative disease caused by motor neuron loss. In a recent Phase 2b trial, Bensimon and colleagues report that the addition of low-dose interleukin 2 (LD-IL-2) immunotherapy to standard of care (SOC) shows promise in enhancing immune … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Jul 11:S1471-4906(25)00144-9. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.06.003. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT CD8+ T cells, traditionally recognized for their cytotoxic role in eliminating infections and malignancies, are now known to exhibit significant functional heterogeneity, as revealed by single-cell genomics. Among these, granzyme-K-expressing (GZMK+) CD8+ T cells represent a distinct subset characterized by low cytotoxicity but … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Jul 11:S1471-4906(25)00162-0. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.06.005. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Neuro-immune crosstalk regulates inflammation and host metabolism via neural modulation of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). Significant knowledge gaps remain regarding the signaling pathways, regulators, and physiological relevance of these interactions in human health and disease. Future studies leveraging innovative tools promise new insights … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Jul 11:S1471-4906(25)00169-3. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.07.002. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Pharmacological activation of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway triggers inflammatory innate immune responses to potentially reinvigorate tumor immunogenicity. Recent work by Dang et al. revealed an alternative paradigm: a clinically approved old drug was repurposed to boost STING signaling and immune … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Jul 10:S1471-4906(25)00172-3. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.07.005. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The border tissues of the brain harbor specialized immune cells known as border-associated macrophages (BAMs), which have vital roles at these interfaces. However, factors governing their development and maintenance remain elusive. In a recent study, Van Hove et al. elegantly demonstrated that interleukin … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Jun 30:S1471-4906(25)00142-5. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.06.001. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Macrophages are sentinels and first responders of the innate immune system. By sensing danger signals, they initiate and amplify inflammatory and regenerative cascades to control appropriate responses to pathogens and tissue damage. Transcriptional activation of macrophage gene expression has been studied extensively, but … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Jun 23:S1471-4906(25)00141-3. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.05.006. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Lassa virus (LASV), which causes deadly Lassa fever (endemic in Western Africa), is a priority pathogen and a global health threat. Current vaccine candidates protect LASV-challenged animals through T cell immunity or non-neutralizing IgG/Fc receptor-mediated functions in the absence of potent neutralization. Neutralizing … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Jun 18:S1471-4906(25)00143-7. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.06.002. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Two recent studies, by Ely et al. and Apavaloaei et al., revealed that non-canonical antigens derived from unmutated, noncoding regions dominate the immunopeptidome of many cancers. Here, we discuss how this challenges conventional mutation-centric immunotherapies and highlight emerging strategies, including cryptic antigen- and … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Jun 16:S1471-4906(25)00140-1. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.05.005. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Exploiting specific T cell subset properties bears potential for T cell therapies but is complicated by inconsistencies in T cell subset definitions and markers. Here, we discuss causes for the definition and classification complexities to provide a handle for how to navigate the … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Jun 14:S1471-4906(25)00125-5. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.05.004. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Multiomics advances have led to breakthroughs in understanding human early life immunity. Adaptive memory immune cells have been detected in fetal tissue extremely early in gestation, where they may respond to maternal exposures. These promising findings lay the groundwork for future research on … Read more