Trends in Immunology

Trends Immunol. 2025 Oct 22:S1471-4906(25)00244-3. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.09.009. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of neurological disability, associated with higher rates of cognitive complications that negatively affect recovery. Myriad cytokine and chemokine pathways propagate the secondary responses to injury. This review discusses the integration of peripheral and central immune … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Oct 21:S1471-4906(25)00246-7. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.10.002. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Sepsis, a life-threatening condition triggered by infection, disrupts the body’s immune balance and remains a major global health challenge. This forum explores the dual roles of cytokines in sepsis: their overactivation drives ‘cytokine storms,’ and dysregulation leads to immunosuppression. It also discusses regulatory … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Oct 6:S1471-4906(25)00227-3. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.09.008. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The evolution of the fetal immune system within the womb is a delicate balancing act: it is trained to not reject maternal antigens, while equipping itself with ‘learned’ immunity to survive and thrive in the outside world. In this opinion article, we propose … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Oct 3:S1471-4906(25)00226-1. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.09.007. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STm) represents a major global health burden. Strains endemic in sub-Saharan Africa cause life-threatening invasive non-typhoidal salmonellosis (iNTS) in vulnerable populations. Studies in the iNTS-like mouse model show that STm induces profound germinal centre (GC) disruption, impairing high-affinity, long-lived … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Oct 2:S1471-4906(25)00225-X. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.09.006. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The complement genes harbour genetic variants that affect numerous diseases; however, these genes are notoriously repeat-heavy, and these repeat regions are largely unexplored for disease-relevant genetic variation. Elucidating these ‘dark’ regions is now possible using long-read sequencing (LRS), enabling identification of novel disease-relevant … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Sep 29:S1471-4906(25)00223-6. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.09.004. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Intrahepatic immune responses are often insufficient to control hepatitis virus infections. A recent study by Venzin and colleagues demonstrates a detailed mechanism by which an intrahepatic tricellular network and the cytokine IL-27 can augment virus-specific immunity. PMID:41027760 | DOI:10.1016/j.it.2025.09.004

Trends Immunol. 2025 Sep 26:S1471-4906(25)00221-2. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.09.002. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Mucocutaneous surfaces rely on IL-17-producing lymphocytes to preserve barrier integrity and prevent bacterial and fungal overgrowth. Accordingly, genetic or pharmacological IL-17 deficiencies lead to mucocutaneous infections. Interferon (IFN)-γ mediates host defense against intracellular pathogens, but excessive mucosal IFN-γ activity can paradoxically impair epithelial … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Sep 25:S1471-4906(25)00222-4. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.09.003. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Mosaic errors of immunity (MEI) encompass a group of immune disorders caused by somatic or gonosomal gene variants affecting hematopoiesis and immune function. Although the causal role of mosaicism in monogenic immune disorders has been recognized for over two decades, our understanding of … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Sep 25:S1471-4906(25)00220-0. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.09.001. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Advances in single-cell sequencing have transformed our understanding of immune aging by enabling high-resolution dissection of age-associated changes in cellular composition and function. Recent years have seen a surge in studies leveraging single-cell multi-omics to chart immune trajectories across the human lifespan, uncovering … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Sep 18:S1471-4906(25)00224-8. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.09.005. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Immune activity at the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-dura-brain interface regulates key functions of brain physiology. In two back-to-back papers, Mamuladze et al. and Kothari et al. show that dural mast cells (MCs) are strategically positioned to coordinate this regulation, controlling CSF flow dynamics and … Read more