Trends in Immunology

Trends Immunol. 2025 Sep 18:S1471-4906(25)00216-9. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.08.006. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The immunological tolerance protecting the fetus from maternal rejection during pregnancy involves nonclassical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules (HLA-G, HLA-E, HLA-F) interacting with maternal immune-inhibitory receptors. Cancers similarly exploit these molecules to evade immune detection and promote tumor progression. Pseudogenes within … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Sep 18:S1471-4906(25)00217-0. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.08.007. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Natural killer (NK) cells protect from viral infection, cancer, and metastasis, and are emerging as valuable therapeutics for cancer treatment. NK-cell control of viral infection has been studied intensively, but less is known in the context of cancer. Multiple associative, preclinical, and early … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Sep 16:S1471-4906(25)00215-7. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.08.005. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Mitochondrial lipid metabolism plays a pivotal role in tumor immunosurveillance and immune evasion. This review explores how mitochondrial regulation shapes immune cell metabolism within the tumor microenvironment (TME), focusing on the antitumor effects of the mitochondrial-fueled immune response and the detrimental impact of … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Sep 12:S1471-4906(25)00218-2. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.08.008. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are key regulators of the tumor microenvironment (TME), but their heterogeneity, driven by tumor-derived cues, poses challenges for therapeutic targeting and underscores the need for precise macrophage reprogramming strategies. Through a genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) screen, … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Sep 9:S1471-4906(25)00201-7. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.08.003. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Autoimmune diseases arise from genetic and environmental factors that disrupt immune tolerance. Recent studies highlight the role of myeloid cell immunometabolism, particularly mitochondrial dysfunction, in driving autoimmunity. Mitochondria regulate energy homeostasis and cell fate; their impairment leads to defective immune cell differentiation, abnormal … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Sep 9:S1471-4906(25)00202-9. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.08.004. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Despite an effective combination of antiretroviral therapy, HIV persists as a lifelong infection and global health threat. The human host equips restriction factors and interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes that target every step of the viral life cycle. However, HIV-1 has evolved a coordinated immune … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Sep 6:S1471-4906(25)00199-1. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.08.001. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, or NETosis, is a key innate immune response that contributes to cardiovascular diseases, including vascular inflammation, atherosclerosis, and thrombosis. In the cardiovascular system, neutrophils encounter mechanical cues such as shear stress, matrix stiffness, and cyclic stretch that influence … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Aug 26:S1471-4906(25)00200-5. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.08.002. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Gut dysbiosis and intestinal inflammation may contribute to neurological disorders through the gut-brain axis. A recent report by White et al. uncovered that intestinal inflammation triggers the migration of microbiota-specific CD4+ T cells to the brain, where they drive neuroinflammatory responses via IL-23R/GM-CSF. … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Aug 22:S1471-4906(25)00181-4. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.07.014. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Metabolic reprogramming and signaling are key orchestrators of T cell immunity. Recent studies have illustrated important roles for intracellular organelles, especially mitochondria and lysosomes, in enforcing T cell metabolism and signaling in response to various extracellular cues. As such, mitochondrial and lysosomal function … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Aug 15:S1471-4906(25)00179-6. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.07.012. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Recently, a large pool of antigens derived from viral and bacterial microorganisms showing molecular mimicry with tumour-cell-expressed antigens was identified. These antigens can be presented by MHC molecules and elicit T cells that are crossreactive with microbial antigens and tumour-cell-associated antigens. In the … Read more