Chronic pain is a defining feature of endometriosis and contributes significantly to the diminished quality of life observed in affected individuals. Despite advances in understanding disease pathology, current therapeutic strategies largely fail to si…
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a major complication in liver transplantation, hepatic surgeries, and shock-induced acute liver failure. This injury is characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and calcium overload, wi…
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Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK), caused by herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) ocular infection, is a leading cause of visual morbidity worldwide, and although cases of HSK can be managed with current medications, new developments are required to make t…
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex system, in which the energy metabolism of tumor cells plays a key role in the occurrence, development and metastasis of tumors. In the TME, the energy supply of tumor cells mainly comes from glycolysis. Thi…
Immune system plays a central role in the pathogenesis of cancer and autoimmune diseases. An entire field has emerged to identify separate minor cell subpopulations carrying potential molecular targets or activation markers to study their prognostic ro…
The tumour microenvironment (TME) is a complex and dynamic environment containing diverse cellular, stromal and soluble factors, that collectively influence cancer progression, immune evasion and therapeutic resistance. Among the immune components of t…
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a unique subset of T cells vital for maintaining immune balance, preventing autoimmune diseases, and controlling immune responses. First identified in the early 1990s, Tregs are now well recognized for their role in suppr…
Liver transplantation remains the only curative treatment for end-stage liver disease (ESLD); however, immune rejection significantly hampers its long-term success. Dendritic cell-derived exosomes (DEXs) have emerged as a promising tool for inducing im…
IntroductionInflammation plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), particularly in heart failure (HF), cardiac arrhythmias, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The calcium-binding proteins S100A8 and…
