The initial defense against pathogens is the innate immunity, which is characterized by rapidity and the broad-spectrum operation that facilitates the rapid identification and removal of the invasion by microorganisms. The determination of innate immun…
Globally, approximately 10% of all babies are born prematurely. The vast majority of preterm births, defined as birth
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is a major causative agent of acute respiratory tract infections in children. Since 2023, its high prevalence coupled with rising rates of macrolide resistance has presented substantial challenges in the clinical management o…
Endometrial cancer (EC) is a hormonally driven malignancy with a strikingly uneven global distribution, interestingly occurring far more frequently in developed countries. Central to its pathogenesis is endocrine imbalance, which is most notably due to…
Post-COVID presents a complex medical challenge characterized by persistent symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Similarities between post-COVID and post-infectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome (PI-IBS) suggest that the latter can serve as a useful mod…
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex chronic disease characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and irreversible airflow limitation, and has become a significant global public health issue. Its pathogenesis is highly complex,…
Background and significanceThe interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain gene (IL2RG) encodes for the common γ chain (γc) protein, that is a shared signaling component of multiple interleukin receptors, including IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, and IL-21, and …
The importance of exercise interventions in pediatric oncology is steadily increasing. Their value lies not only in alleviating treatment-related adverse effects but also in supporting physiological recovery, psychological adjustment, and improvements …
This review methodically argues for a theoretical paradigm shift. The text redefines diabetes as an “immunometabolic disorder” and explores its profound implications. Conventional wisdom has long regarded diabetes as a risk factor for infectious diseas…
Pemphigoid diseases, such as bullous pemphigoid and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, are severe organ-specific autoimmune diseases characterized by subepidermal skin blistering with increasing incidence in recent years. Although there have been substan…
