Age-related conditions, such as neurodegenerative disease, cancer, and autoimmune disorders, are increasingly recognized as closely linked with the gradual deterioration of the immune system. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a small, specialized subset o…
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory skin diseases worldwide, significantly impairing patients’ quality of life. It is characterized by recurrent eczematous lesions, intense pruritus, and disruption of the epidermal bar…
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a frequently encountered critical emergency characterized by the rupturing of an unhealthy blood vessel, resulting in high mortality and disability rates. Alterations in the neurovascular unit (NVU) are closely related …
DNA polymerase delta (Pol δ) is a cornerstone of genomic stability, orchestrating DNA replication and repair through its catalytic subunit, POLD1. This subunit’s 3’–5’ exonuclease domain proofreads replication errors, ensuring fidelity. However, POLD1 …
Lung cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, highlighting the urgent need for enhanced diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Mucins, a family of glycoproteins crucial for maintaining epithelial integrity and regula…
Sepsis is a syndrome of inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) triggered when the host is exposed to bacterial, viruses, and other infectious agents. The resulting inflammation compromises intestinal integrity, and this gut injury subsequently amplifies…
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a widespread chronic liver disorder, affecting nearly a quarter of the global population. It progresses from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular …
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been implicated in the development of liver diseases, such as hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and cancer, which negatively affect the patients’ quality of life and impacts a high economic strain on patients…
Autoimmune diseases are a set of conditions in which the immune system incorrectly identifies and attacks the body’s own healthy tissue, severely compromising patient health. While current treatments can somewhat control disease progression, their long…
Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most serious viral diseases affecting chickens and is caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian paramyxovirus serotype-1. The virus contains five structural proteins and two nonstructural proteins that inter…
