PDAC remains one of the most lethal malignancies, characterized by a highly desmoplastic ECM that promotes an immunosuppressive signaling network and dampens the effectiveness of traditional therapies. Among the several key contributors to its immune e…
Nucleic acids, long regarded as linear polymers, are now recognized to also exist in circular forms with profound biological significance in both eukaryotic hosts and viruses. This review synthesizes emerging insights into the diverse roles of circular…
Despite continuous exposure to dietary and microbial antigens, the intestinal mucosa maintains a delicate balance between immune activation and tolerance. This equilibrium depends on the integrity and regulatory functions of the intestinal epithelium a…
Inflammation is a vital component of host defense and tissue repair, but its dysregulation contributes to chronic metabolic and immune-mediated diseases. In recent years, reactive sulfur species (RSS) have emerged as crucial regulators of immune homeos…
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a highly intricate and dynamic milieu, comprising neoplastic, immune and stromal cells in concert with extracellular matrix components, all engaged in continuous bidirectional crosstalk that critically orchestrates d…
Viral infectious diseases pose a persistent challenge to global livestock production, animal welfare, and food security, emphasizing the critical role of early host defense mechanisms in limiting viral replication and transmission. As frontline sensors…
The nervous system plays a profound role in human health and disease, particularly in regulating cancer development through immune system interactions. The enteric nervous system (ENS), often referred to as the “second brain,” comprises millions of neu…
Sarcoidosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that can potentially affect any organ. From a pathogenetic standpoint, it is characterized by the formation of chronic granulomatous inflammation, which defines its histological hallmark. Unlike its pathoge…
Kidney transplantation has traditionally focused on maximizing graft survival, with immunosuppressive therapy as the cornerstone of care. However, long-term patient health requires a broader perspective that addresses the prevention and management of p…
Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (S-ALI) represents a life-threatening condition with complex molecular pathophysiology and limited therapeutic options. Emerging evidence highlights the critical role of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks, partic…
