Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subset within the tumor mass significantly contributing to cancer progression through dysregulation of various oncogenic pathways, driving tumor growth, chemoresistance and metastasis formation. The aggressive behav…
Maintaining iron homeostasis is necessary for kidney functioning. There is more and more research indicating that kidney disease is often caused by iron imbalance. Over the past decade, ferroptosis’ role in mediating the development and progression of …
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic disease that has not well-established etiology. The role of microbial dysregulation in its pathogenesis has been recently highlighted. Overall, microbiome alterations concern the reduction of bacterial abundance and dive…
With the consistent occurrence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the prevalence of various ocular complications has increased over time. SARS-CoV-2 infection has been shown to have neurotropism and therefore to …
Numerous studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways underlying cancer metastasis, as there is still no effective treatment for this terminal stage of the disease. However, the exact processes that enable primary cancer c…
Autoimmune diseases result from imbalances in the immune system and disturbances in the mechanisms of immune tolerance. T-regulatory cells (Treg) are key factors in the formation of immune tolerance. Tregs modulate immune responses and repair processes…
Sepsis is a systemic injury resulting in vascular dysfunction, which can lead to multiple organ dysfunction, even shock and death. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by mammalian cells and bacteria have been shown to play important roles in intercel…
Cellular aging is a multifactorial and intricately regulated physiological process with profound implications. The interaction between cellular senescence and cancer is complex and multifaceted, senescence can both promote and inhibit tumor progression…
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) exhibit superior immunomodulatory properties and have broad therapeutic applications. They induce macrophage M2 polarization for anti-inflammatory responses. Exosomes derived from ADSCs (ADSC-EXOs) exhibit…
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death in the world from an infectious disease. Its etiologic agent, the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a slow-growing bacterium that has coexisted in humans for thousands of years. According to the World …
