Pancreatic cancer (PC) is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis, and the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in its initiation, progression, and response to treatment. Recent studies have highlighted the critical involvement of i…
Liver transplantation remains the only curative treatment for end-stage liver disease (ESLD); however, immune rejection significantly hampers its long-term success. Dendritic cell-derived exosomes (DEXs) have emerged as a promising tool for inducing im…
Vaccines are a fundamental tool in the prevention and control of infectious diseases; however, significant individual variability in immunogenicity exists. This variability is not solely attributable to vaccine characteristics but is also influenced by…
Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 38 (USP38), a member of the deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) family, exhibits a complex and context-dependent role in cancer progression. This review summarizes current research on USP38, highlighting its dual functionality as …
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe disabling central nervous system injury that can lead to severe sensory and motor dysfunction, and even paralysis. Depending on the mechanism of injury, SCI can be divided into primary injury and secondary injury. W…
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation, heightened reactivity, and structural remodeling. The responses of different phenotypes to traditional corticosteroid therapy vary significantly, with steroid resistance in…
Neuroinflammatory processes are increasingly recognized as central to the pathophysiology of diverse central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Microglia, t…
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are central to immune homeostasis and controlling inflammation through multiple mechanisms, however, recent discoveries and advances in technology reveal that Tregs exert a diverse array of functions beyond mere immunosuppres…
Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (T. pallidum) is the causative agent of syphilis, a chronic sexually transmitted disease that leads to widespread organ damage. The pathogenesis of syphilis involves crucial functional proteins that facilitate bacteri…
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and clinically challenging subtype of breast cancer characterized by the absence of hormone receptors and HER2 amplification. This molecular profile limits the effectiveness of targeted therapies, l…
