Gastric cancer provides a clinically relevant model of the inflammation–epigenetics axis because Helicobacter pylori can drive prolonged mucosal inflammation before malignant transformation. Inflammatory signaling remodels DNA methylation, histone stat…
Cancer immunotherapy has improved outcomes across many tumor types, but primary and acquired resistance, tumor heterogeneity and a shortage of safe targets remain unresolved. Part of this gap arises because tumor cells evade immune recognition not only…
Postmenopausal osteoporosis(PMOP)is a common metabolic bone disease characterized by an imbalance in bone remodeling due to estrogen deficiency. Increasing evidence suggests that alterations in gut microbiota, intestinal barrier, immune response, micro…
Neuroimmune diseases comprise a heterogeneous group of disorders in which B cells, plasmablasts, plasma cells, autoantibodies, and T cells contribute differently to tissue injury. Although B-cell-directed biologics have improved disease control, some p…
Metal ions, as common endogenous signaling molecules, play a crucial role in immune homeostasis and inflammation regulation. This paper systematically elucidates the molecular mechanisms by which iron, manganese, zinc, copper, magnesium, cobalt, nickel…
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a sterile inflammatory disease initiated by acinar cell stress and amplified through innate immune, vascular, and inter-organ responses, yet effective disease-modifying therapies remain unavailable. Although premature digesti…
Tumor progression is driven by metabolic remodeling that generates a microenvironment characterized by nutrient deprivation, hypoxia, lactate accumulation, lipid dysregulation, and oxidative stress. These conditions affect innate immune populations, in…
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a complex disorder characterized by gene–environment interactions that compromise the integrity of the mucosa and submucosa. The current evidence indicates a significant correlation between the increasing incidence of UC and …
CRC is the third most prevalent malignancy worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality. According to GLOBOCAN 2022 estimates, approximately 1.93 million new CRC cases and 900,000 CRC-related deaths occur annually worldwide. Incid…
The global resurgence of syphilis, marked by a dramatic 150% increase in cases over the last decade and the rise of the dominant SS14-Ω strain cluster, represents a critical threat to public health. This review explores the complex molecular mechanisms…
