WWP2 is a NEDD4-family HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase with emerging relevance to immune regulation and cancer immunity. Although WWP2 has been widely studied in tumor growth, fibrosis, and cell signaling, its immune functions are less consistently integrated…
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, and its rising incidence poses a growing burden on productivity and healthcare systems, particularly in the context of global population aging. Despite substantial advances …
The connection between hypoxia and inflammation is well established at the local level, with HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor) playing a central role, which controls both the cellular response to oxygen deficiency and immune cell functioning. The literatu…
Esophageal carcinoma (EC) remains one of the most lethal malignancies, with a five-year survival rate of only 15-25% in advanced stages. Although immunotherapy including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and antibody-based therapies have improved cli…
Women living with HIV experience a disproportionate burden of persistent high-risk human papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer, yet they remain underrepresented in pivotal immunotherapy trials. Consequently, the effects of HIV-associated immune …
Despite growing interest in bat–virus interactions, experimental infection studies (EIS) remain taxonomically and geographically restricted, limiting inference about bat immunology and zoonotic risk. We performed a systematic literature search (Jan 190…
Macrophages are important immune cells for cardiac development, homeostasis, and the response to pathological injury and inflammation. Single-cell sequencing and fate-mapping technologies have revealed the heterogeneity and development of cardiac macro…
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a major human pathogen that colonizes the gastric mucosa and is a principal etiological agent of gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. Although antibiotic-based eradication regimens are available, their…
Available seasonal influenza vaccines, most of which are still produced in eggs, have several limitations. Messenger RNA (mRNA) technology has emerged as a transformative approach capable of overcoming some of these shortcomings. This overview synthesi…
Food allergy is an immune-mediated condition associated with acute reactions, risk of anaphylaxis, and a substantial day-to-day management burden. Oral immunotherapy (OIT) can increase the amount of allergen tolerated during treatment, but this desensi…
