Celiac disease is traditionally regarded as T-cell mediated autoimmune disorder driven by gluten-specific adaptive immune responses. In this review, we synthesise recent data showing how epithelial stress, IL-15 driven innate circuits and intraepitheli…
Anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy has produced major advances in treating hematologic malignancies. Recently, researchers have explored its use in autoimmune diseases. However, the complex pathogenesis and high heterogeneity of these disorders create substa…
Peritoneal metastasis (PM) is the most common form of organ-specific metastasis in advanced gastric cancer (GC), and is driven by the dynamic interplay between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). This review elaborates on the mechanisms …
Immune disorders remain a major global health challenge, as conventional immunosuppressive therapies are often hampered by severe side effects and unsatisfactory long-term efficacy. Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (UC-MSCs) have emerge…
Rituximab is a chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody widely used in immune-mediated and hematologic diseases, but its efficacy may be limited by the development of anti-rituximab antibodies (ADAs). This narrative review summarizes current evidence on …
BackgroundChildhood asthma has traditionally been characterized as a localized chronic airway inflammatory disease, with structural remodeling viewed merely as a downstream consequence of persistent inflammation. However, clinical evidence revealing si…
Immune memory has long been attributed to adaptive immunity, but trained immunity has broadened this view by showing that innate immune cells can retain altered function after prior stimulation and mount an enhanced response upon rechallenge. In the lu…
As the stable and conserved circular non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have assumed growing significance in regulating breast cancer immunity and immunotherapy. This review focuses on elucidating the molecular mechanisms through which circRNAs …
WWP2 is a NEDD4-family HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase with emerging relevance to immune regulation and cancer immunity. Although WWP2 has been widely studied in tumor growth, fibrosis, and cell signaling, its immune functions are less consistently integrated…
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, and its rising incidence poses a growing burden on productivity and healthcare systems, particularly in the context of global population aging. Despite substantial advances …
