Phase 2 trial of pTVG-HP {+/-} pTVG-AR DNA vaccines and pembrolizumab in patients with metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC)

Background
We previously reported a trial using pembrolizumab with a DNA vaccine encoding prostatic acid phosphatase (pTVG-HP) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Favorable clinical outcomes were associated with T…

Rapid response: Context-dependent immunomodulatory effects of JAK inhibition in the management of severe immune-related adverse events

Recent studies have indicated that Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) exert context-dependent immunomodulatory effects in cancer immunotherapy. In this rapid response, we comment on the prospective cohort study by Habib et al, which evaluates JAKi for ste…

ILC2s and their immune checkpoints in the antitumor response

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are tissue-resident lymphocytes that patrol mucosal barriers. Among ILC subsets, ILC2s’ involvement in the innate immune response to parasites, in the development of asthma and in the repair of damaged tissues is wel…

Single-cell dissection of persistent tumor antigens in non-responders reveals opportunities for TAA-targeted vaccination after neoadjuvant therapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Background
Neoadjuvant immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) combined with chemotherapy has demonstrated higher response rates than chemotherapy alone in resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Although tumor microenvironment (TME) features a…

Time-of-day of first checkpoint inhibitor dose influences clinical outcomes and immune responses in hepatocellular carcinoma

Background
Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have long half-lives, preclinical and retrospective clinical studies across multiple tumor types suggest that the time-of-day of ICI infusion may influence therapeutic efficacy by aligning initia…

Novel NK cell-like phenotype expressing CCR5 and its ligands elicits tumor-specific acquired immunity to carcinomatous peritonitis via host NK-derived IFN-{gamma}

Background
Natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapies remain largely ineffective against solid tumors and strategies that directly enhance NK cell cytotoxicity often fail to establish durable tumor control. To address this limitation, we developed…

Novel NK cell-like phenotype expressing CCR5 and its ligands elicits tumor-specific acquired immunity to carcinomatous peritonitis via host NK-derived IFN-{gamma}

Background
Natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapies remain largely ineffective against solid tumors and strategies that directly enhance NK cell cytotoxicity often fail to establish durable tumor control. To address this limitation, we developed…

Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics reveal that the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis drives the immune-desert phenotype in small cell lung cancer by recruiting immunosuppressive CXCR4+ neutrophils and S100A8+ monocytes

Background
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a recalcitrant malignancy with limited responses to immunotherapy, largely due to its uniquely immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the molecular mechanisms driving this phenotype remain …

Regional immunosuppression and associated systemic markers in focally relapsed sarcomatoid mesothelioma: case report

A 52-year-old man presented with sarcomatoid diffuse pleural mesothelioma that had relapsed at an isolated site after a complete response to dual-immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI). Targeted sequencing exhibited amplification of chromosome 9p24, encom…

Precision modeling of tumor antigen-specific T-cell responses in humanized mice for preclinical assessment of cancer immunotherapies

Background
Humanized mice are highly valuable models for the preclinical development of cancer immunotherapies. However, conventional models often fail to mount robust and trackable tumor antigen-specific (TA-specific) T-cell responses, which hinders …

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