Inflammaging and immunosenescence-driven remodeling of the immune microenvironment in osteoarthritis: mechanisms, immune regulation and immune reprogramming
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disorder of the whole-joint microenvironment involving mechanical loading, aging, metabolic stress, and dysregulated immune homeostasis. Within the OA joint microenvironment, senescent chondrocytes, synovial fibroblasts, and di…