Glioblastoma (GBM) remains one of the most lethal primary brain tumors, with limited therapeutic improvement despite maximal surgical resection, radiotherapy, and temozolomide. A major barrier to durable treatment response is the profoundly immunosuppr…
Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, as oral targeted synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), represent a promising therapeutic option for rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD). Preclinical studies suggest a du…
Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), the most frequent and recalcitrant sequela of herpes zoster, arises from a complex interplay between inflammatory cascades and programmed cell death. Emerging evidence indicates that pyroptosis—a form of inflammatory cell …
Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors and a major driver of tumor immune escape. It arises from abnormal tumor vasculature and rapid tumor growth, leading to persistent or fluctuating oxygen deprivation within the tumor microenvironment. Under hy…
Johne’s disease, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), is a chronic enteric infection of ruminants characterized by persistence in intestinal macrophages following invasion through Peyer’s patches. Early studies established a pre…
Gynecological malignancies represent a significant global health burden for women worldwide. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), as a critical component of the immune system, play a pivotal role within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Modulating sign…
Significant advancements have been made in kidney transplantation, with a wealth of immunosuppressive and antimicrobial therapies that have significantly improved graft survival. Despite these accomplishments, the ability to promptly identify kidney al…
This article innovatively reviews and unveils the synergistic mechanisms, clinical research directions, and future challenges of the combination of preoperative radiotherapy (RT) and immunotherapy (especially the most popular belonging to immune checkp…
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive diffuse glioma in adults, remains one of the most lethal malignancies of the central nervous system owing to its profound heterogeneity, near-universal recurrence, and marked resistance to therapy. Increasing evi…
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multi-protein innate immune complex that functions as a critical sensor of cellular danger signals, yet its role in gynecological malignancies remains incompletely understood. This mini-review systematically evaluates the pa…
