Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an immunogenic but clinically heterogeneous breast cancer subtype. Stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), PD-L1 expression, and tumor mutational burden provide useful but incomplete summaries of the tumor…
Psoriasis is a chronic, recurrent, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease in which the TNF/IL-23/IL-17 axis plays a central role in the maintenance of mature plaques. However, this classical framework does not fully explain the early immune events t…
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has revolutionised cancer gene therapy, yet its expansion into solid tumours is hindered by a critical vulnerability: the autonomous, “always-on” nature of conventional CAR constructs. This unregulated act…
Organ-specific metastatic niches begin at vascular–immune interfaces, where endothelial heterogeneity and tissue-resident immunity shape the fate of disseminated tumor cells. Hemodynamics and vascular geometry shape initial tumor-cell encounters, where…
Severe asthma is characterized by persistent airway inflammation, irreversible airway remodeling, and reduced responsiveness to glucocorticoids. Subepithelial fibrosis, a major determinant of progressive lung function decline, remains mechanistically u…
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents a highly aggressive breast cancer subtype characterized by the absence of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 expression, resulting in limited targeted therapeutic options and poor clinical…
Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) are small interferon-stimulated membrane proteins that can limit viral entry, but their effects depend on the virus, entry route, and experimental context. This Mini Review focuses on IFITM3 at the vir…
Sepsis, defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, remains a leading cause of mortality in critical care, and sepsis-associated multiple organ failure continues to defy effective therapy. Increasi…
CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has transformed the treatment of relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL), including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), yet primary resistance and relapse remain frequent. Clin…
Colorectal cancer (CRC) develops within a mucosal ecosystem in which epithelial barrier function, colonizing microbes, inflammatory signaling, and immune cell composition are closely interdependent. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have significantly alter…
