Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are pivotal modulators of immune tolerance, suppressing inflammation through cytokine secretion and cellular interactions. Their role is particularly significant in inflammatory diseases such as type 1 and type 2 diabetes mel…
γδ T cells, a type of specialized T cell, differ from alpha-beta T cells due to the presence of γ and δ chain surface T cell receptors. These receptors allow them to directly recognize and bind antigenic molecules without the requirement of attachment …
Bladder cancer is a prevalent malignancy, with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) presenting a significant therapeutic challenge. Standard treatments, including radical cystectomy (RC) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy, pose substantial risks and impact …
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is a prevalent malignancy with high mortality and recurrence rates, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies. Recent research highlights the pivotal role of metabolic reprogramming and immune microenvironment …
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by gingival inflammation, alveolar bone resorption, and periodontal tissue destruction. Complement activation, particularly through the C3 component, plays a critical role in the inflammator…
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and neuroinflammation. Monocytes and macrophages, particularly microglia, play a dual role in AD pathogenesis….
Gender differences exist in the susceptibility, incidence, progression, and prognosis of bacterial infections in males and females, influenced by various factors including lifestyle and habits. Multiple reports have indicated that estrogen plays a cruc…
By executing abortive infection, bacterial immune defense systems recognize phage components and initiate the production of various second messengers that target specific downstream effectors responsible for nucleic acid degradation, membrane destructi…
Chimeric antigen receptor natural Killer (CAR-NK) cells therapy represents a next-generation immunotherapeutic approach following CAR-T cells therapy, offering inherent “off-the-shelf” compatibility and mitigated off-tumor toxicity. Despite these advan…
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a relatively common autoimmune disease of childhood, characterized by systemic vasculitis and involvement of the cardiovascular system, particularly the coronary artery. Progressive inflammatory cascades and vascular injury are…
