Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate heat stroke-induced hippocampal injury and modulate VIM-AS1-associated miR-34a-5p/Per2 signaling

BackgroundCentral nervous system (CNS) injury is a major determinant of mortality and persistent disability after heat stroke. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are candidate cell-free immunomodulatory therapeutics,…

Optimizing immunotherapy–radiotherapy synergy in triple-negative breast cancer: mechanisms, clinical evidence, and therapeutic windows

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer associated with a poor prognosis; conventional treatments provide limited durable benefit, and resistance commonly develops. The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has …

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