European Journal of Immunology

Through the analysis of TCR repertoires, differential gene expression, and flow cytometry, we propose a mechanism in which surface CD69-negative memory T cells reside in the bone marrow of healthy humans. Therefore, we challenge the notion of surface CD69-positive T cells representing the only bona fide resident phenotype in the bone marrow. ABSTRACT Across tissues, … Read more

Human CD8+ and CD4+ memory and regulatory T-cell subsets, but not naïve or effector cells, may become CD69+ bone marrow-resident cells, suggesting that they could be maintained long-term as quiescent cells. CD4+ memory T-cells and EOMES+Tr1-like cells, respectively, expressed IL-7Rα and IL-15Rβ, suggesting that they compete for different homeostatic niches. ABSTRACT Maintenance of memory T-cells … Read more

T follicular helper (TFH) cells provide essential help to B cells in germinal centers (GCs). TFH and GC B cell responses are long-lasting in draining mediastinal lymph nodes of Litomosoides sigmodontis-infected BALB/c mice, a rodent model of filarial infection. ABSTRACT T follicular helper (TFH) cells are the primary CD4+ T helper cell subset providing help … Read more

This review article summarizes the currently available information on the functions of atypical IκB proteins including Bcl-3, IκBNS, and IκBζ, which have been studied mostly in mouse models. We focus on the regulation of these modulators of transcription, describe their role in lymphocyte differentiation, and their involvement in the development of autoimmunity. ABSTRACT Signaling pathways … Read more

Our cover features images related to flow cytometry techniques widely used for analysis of function and phenotypes of major human and murine immune cell subsets, superimposed on a multidimensional immune cell population scatter plot. These images are taken from the third edition of EJI’s Flow Cytometry Guidelines by Cossarizza et al., a comprehensive resource prepared … Read more

Although VSIG4+ LPMs and VSIG4− LPMs are identical at the transcriptomic and surface proteomic level, VSIG4+ LPMs are superior phagocytes that protect against CRC peritoneal outgrowth and influence the early phase of T. brucei brucei infection. ABSTRACT Large peritoneal macrophages (LPMs) play a role as gatekeepers of peritoneal homeostasis by providing a first line of … Read more

During Plasmodium infection, inflammatory monocytes upregulate ACOD1, leading to increased production of the anti-inflammatory metabolite itaconate. While ACOD1 deletion has no effect in the lethal PbNK65-E model, it exacerbates disease in the milder PcAS model. These findings highlight a modest but context-dependent protective role for itaconate in malaria. ABSTRACT In severe malaria, dysregulated metabolism and … Read more

Toll-like receptor 10 (TLR10 or CD290) shares the same structural organization as the other TLRs but shows a unique expression pattern and distinct functional activities yet to be fully elucidated. This review summarizes key steps and recent updates on TLR10 research including open questions and future perspectives. ABSTRACT Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are transmembrane proteins that … Read more

The acute depletion of Tregs induces activation of APCs and Tconvs, eventually leading to autoimmune disease. This activation could only be prevented by the blockade of CD80/CD86, so CD80/CD86-CTLA-4 interactions appear to be the most important Treg suppressor mechanism in the maintenance of immune homeostasis in the steady state. ABSTRACT Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) … Read more

Upon repeated target cell contact serial degranulating NK cells are identified by multiple staining events using differentially labeled anti-CD107a (LAMP1) antibodies. This flow-cytometry-based method allows for the characterization and isolation of serial degranulating NK cells.