European Journal of Immunology

Characterization of the SARS‐CoV‐2‐Specific T Cell Responses in Rheumatoid Arthritis Subjects Vaccinated for COVID‐19 Protection. [[{“value”:”Jaeyoon Song, Ricardo da Silva Antunes, Mehrnaz Agili Seyede, Monica Guma, Alessandro Sette, Alessandra Franco”}]]

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SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in rheumatoid arthritis leads to the development of CD4+ and CD8+ spike-specific T cell memory, regardless of immunosuppressive therapies, and the number of vaccine injections. CD4−CD8− double-negative (DN) T cells responded to SARS-CoV-2 peptide epitopes and differentiated into CD8+ cytotoxic T cells after stimulation, suggesting a role in exacerbating the inflammation in RA … Read more

Mastering Immunity: Antibody Feedback as a Driver of Germinal Center Fate and Vaccine Responses. [[{“value”:”Shuang Liu, Yang Zhang, Kai‐Michael Toellner”}]]

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Antibody feedback dynamically shapes the selective landscape for GC B-cells, acting as a driving force of Darwinian-like affinity maturation of B-cell receptors (A). It also balances epitope usage, leading to equal competition among B cell clones specific for different epitopes and allowing the emergence of clones specific for new epitopes (B). ABSTRACT Antibody feedback in … Read more

FcµR and IgM‐Mediated Complement Activation Cooperate to Enhance Humoral Immunity. [[{“value”:”Zichao Wen, Lulu Dong, Jun Liu, Qing Min, Ying Wang, Ziying Hu, Xiaoqian Feng, Chaoqun Cui, Yaxuan Li, Yingying Luan, Runyun zhang, Xin Meng, Yue Tang, Hai Zhang, Meiping Yu, Chunhui Lu, Xuzhe Wu, Jingjing Zhao, Jue Wang, Anqi Wang, Birgitta Heyman, Ji‐Yang Wang”}]]

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Early B cell activation requires both FcµR and IgM-mediated complement signaling, which together drive initial clonal expansion, class-switch recombination, germinal center (GC) entry, and plasma cell differentiation. During the GC reaction, IgM BCR-mediated complement activation, but not FcµR, supports GC B cell survival, proliferation, and affinity maturation. ABSTRACT Secretory IgM plays a pivotal role in … Read more

Insights Into Complex Murine Models of Allergy and Anaphylaxis: The Central Role of IgE and Mast Cells in Advancing Human Therapies. [[{“value”:”Yuka Nagata, Ryo Suzuki”}]]

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Murine allergy model outcomes differ by sensitization route, allergen type, and mouse strain, influencing mechanisms such as IgE and mast cell involvement and the therapeutic relevance of each model. Understanding how experimental parameters shape outcomes is essential for selecting appropriate models and effectively translating findings to clinical applications. ABSTRACT Immunoglobulin E (IgE)–mediated immediate hypersensitivity reactions … Read more

Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A Shapes Monocyte Transcription and Macrophage Polarization: Implications for Immune Responses in Infection and Inflammation. [[{“value”:”Claudia Arasa, Khaleda Rahman Qazi, David Brodin, Manuel Mata Forsberg, Eva Sverremark‐Ekström”}]]

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Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) alters monocyte differentiation and function, while preserving T cell stimulatory capacity. SEA-primed macrophages downregulate antigen-presenting markers yet drive heightened T-cell proliferation and IFN-γ secretion. These findings reveal mechanisms of SEA-mediated immune modulation and superantigen-driven inflammation. ABSTRACT Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) crosslink the MHC-II on antigen-presenting cells (APC) with the T-cell receptor, inducing … Read more

Hyperinflammation by Human Macrophages Induced by SARS‐CoV‐2 Anti‐Spike IgG Is Dependent on Glucose and Fatty Acid Metabolism. [[{“value”:”Chiara E. Geyer, Luís Almeida, Lynn Mes, Frank Otto, W. Ashwin Mak, Graham A. Heieis, Jennifer Veth, Steven W. de Taeye, Tom G. Caniels, Tom P. L. Bijl, Marit J. van Gils, Menno de Winther, Amsterdam UMC COVID‐19 Biobank, Jan Van den Bossche, Hung‐Jen Chen, Riekelt H. Houtkooper, Bart Everts, Jeroen den Dunnen”}]]

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Severe COVID-19 is associated with hyperinflammation driven by anti-spike IgG immune complexes (ICs) contributing to macrophage hyperactivation, thrombosis, and tissue damage. This study shows that anti-spike IgG ICs induce rapid metabolic reprogramming, specifically glycolysis, fatty acid synthesis, and the pentose phosphate pathway, which is essential for the inflammatory response. Targeting these metabolic pathways may offer … Read more

Decoding the Cryptic Proteome Between Antigens and Novel Functional Proteins. [[{“value”:”Emma G. Bawden, Sebastian Amigorena, Yago A. Arribas”}]]

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Unannotated splicing and translation of non-canonical open reading frames generate a diverse repertoire of cryptic proteins. Most are rapidly degraded, rendering them possible MHC-I substrates. Yet, a subpopulation can adopt stable structures and impart advantageous functions. This dichotomy both expands the antigen landscape and provides a framework for protein evolution. ABSTRACT The widespread translation of … Read more

Optimising Recovery of Hepatic Regulatory T Cells: A Practical Guide Using ARTC2 Blockade. [[{“value”:”Caitlin Abbott, Violette Mouro, Chiara Perucchini, Chiara Vespari, Matteo Iannacone”}]]

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This is an update to the Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (third edition), Chapter 3: 12C, by Cossarizza et al. Administration of anti-ARTC2 nanobody(S+16a) prevents cell death during tissue processing. We demonstrate that the phenotype of CD44midTreg is significantly impacted, whereas the eTreg phenotype remains stable following … Read more

Augmented MHC Class I on Professional Antigen‐Presenting Cells and Enhanced Cytokine Production by CD8+ T Cells in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. [[{“value”:”Shan Liu, Tharushika Jayasinghe, Daria Kamińska, Xiaoqiang Xu, Xu Ren, Yang Jiao, Ying Kong, Xiaozhen Li, Ke Li, Antony N. Antoniou, Wang Li, Katarzyna Błażewska, Edyta Gendaszewska‐Darmach, Jing Xu, Malgorzata A. Garstka”}]]

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Here, we show increased MHC class I levels on B cells, classical and intermediate monocytes, and a shift in CD8+ T cells toward a Tc1-skewed, proinflammatory phenotype in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ABSTRACT Effective antigen presentation by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules to T cells is crucial … Read more

Functional Antigen‐Specific CD8 TSCM Responses Are Associated with Repeated Clearance of Hepatitis C Virus Infection. [[{“value”:”Yanran Zhao, Elizabeth Keoshkerian, Hui Li, Rachel Sacks‐David, Irene Boo, Paul Dietze, Margaret Hellard, Heidi Drummer, Fabio Luciani, Rowena A. Bull, Andrew R. Lloyd”}]]

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HCV re-infection is common after spontaneous clearance of the initial infection. In the rare group of super-clearers who clear repeatedly, HCV-specific CD8+ T memory stem cells (TSCM) retain stemness, proliferation, and multipotency, sustaining immune protection. In contrast, clearer chronics lose these properties. TSCM self-renewal underpins durable immunity and should inform vaccine design. ABSTRACT Natural clearance … Read more

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