European Journal of Immunology

Elevated Plasma Levels of NET Components in Men with Severe COVID‐19 Correlates to Increased Amounts of IL‐18. [[{“value”:”Emelie Backman, Remigius Gröning, Alicia Lind, Christoffer Granvik, Hinnerk Eilers, Anna Lange, Clas Ahlm, Sara Cajander, Mattias N. E. Forsell, Johan Normark, Constantin F. Urban”}]]

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Severe COVID-19 disease is accompanied by high plasma levels of proinflammatory, prothrombotic NETs, and NET-inducing cytokine IL-18. We found that both, IL-18 and NETs, are elevated in men with severe disease, but not in women of the same category. Our findings warrant further investigation of sex-related differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Plasmodium berghei Radiation‐Attenuated Sporozoite‐Immunized Mice Require Infectious Sporozoite Challenge to Maintain Protective Immunity. [[{“value”:”Hardik Patel, Naveen Yadav, Rajesh Parmar, Vishakha Bhurani, Aditi Mathur, Dolly Jagwani, Avantika Ahiya, Dillip K. Behera, Urszula Krzych, Sarat K. Dalai”}]]

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Multiple immunizations of mice with Plasmodium berghei radiation-attenuated sporozoites (Pb RAS) induce durable protective immunity, provided that 1° sporozoite (spz) challenge occurs early or within 10 months following the most recent RAS boost immunization. Delaying 1° challenge results in parasitemia. Pb RAS develops partially into early liver stages, is unable to progress to blood-stage parasites, … Read more

Differential Induction of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Signaling by Antibody Isotypes: Implications for Plasma Cell Differentiation. [[{“value”:”Kunie Obayashi, Tomomitsu Doi, Kazuhiro Sumida, Motoyoshi Endo”}]]

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IgE induces stronger ER stress than IgG1 due to its constant region, particularly the Cε3 domain, which binds BiP more efficiently. Genetic and structural analyses confirmed IgE’s higher BiP-binding capacity. ER stress, driven by IRE1-XBP1 signaling, regulates plasma cell differentiation, suggesting IgE-specific mechanisms in immune responses.

Distinct HLA Haplotypes Are Associated With an Altered Strength of SARS‐CoV‐2‐Specific T‐Cell Responses and Unfavorable Disease Courses. [[{“value”:”C. Dörnte, A. Datsi, V. Traska, J. Kostyra, M. Wagner, O. Brauns, C. Lamsfuß, H. Winkels, V. Balz, J. Enczmann, O. Adams, L. Mueller, H. Baurmann, B. Eiz‐Vesper, A. Bonifacius, R. V. Sorg, C. Dose, J. Schmitz, A. Richter, J. Fischer, M. Schuster”}]]

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Analysis of the T-cell epitope landscape of SARS-CoV-2 suggests T-cell intrinsic factors as likely modulators of disease severity and that the capacity of MHC-peptide presentation remains stable among circulating SARS-CoV-2 viral strains. ABSTRACT Infection with SARS-CoV-2 results in mild to severe COVID-19 disease courses. Several studies showed the association of impaired T-cell responses and certain … Read more

Maternal Administration of Probiotics Augments IL17‐Committed γδ T Cells in the Newborn Lung. [[{“value”:”Yohannes Tafesse, Arnaud Köhler, Guillem Sanchez Sanchez, Patricia Brito Rodrigues, Marko Verce, Panagiotis Vitsos, Isoline Verdebout, Moosa Rezwani, Maria Papadopoulou, Amandine Everard, Véronique Flamand, David Vermijlen”}]]

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Probiotics administered to pregnant mice led to increased frequencies of IL17-committed Vγ6⁺ γδ T cells in the neonatal lung. This highlights a microbiota-sensitive pathway where maternal probiotics enhance γδ17 commitment in the perinatal lung. ABSTRACT The early life period is increasingly being recognized as a window of opportunity to shape immunity, where microbiota and related … Read more

Gluten‐Free Diet Induces Small‐Scale Changes Across Multiple T‐Cell Subsets in NOD Mice. [[{“value”:”Veronika Niederlova, Juraj Michalik, Barbora Drabonova, Radka Cisarova, David Funda, Ondrej Stepanek”}]]

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A gluten-free diet prevents Type I diabetes in NOD mice. We characterized T cells from prediabetic mice on gluten-free or standard diets using flow cytometry and single-cell transcriptomics. A gluten-free diet enhanced T-cell activation and effector differentiation, including regulatory T cells, suggesting immune modulation as a mechanism for diabetes prevention. ABSTRACT Nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice … Read more

Pamidronate‐Induced Clinical Remission in Chronic Non‐bacterial Osteomyelitis Is Associated with Reduced Vγ9Vδ2 T‐Cell Receptor Expression. [[{“value”:”Lily Watson, Athimalaipet V Ramanan, Elizabeth Oliver, Francisca Segers, Gareth W. Jones, Christine Chew, Anu Goenka”}]]

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In children with chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis, clinical and transcriptional changes in peripheral blood were examined after pamidronate treatment. Clinically effective treatment with pamidronate was associated with reduced expression of two genes (TRDV2 and TRGV9) that encode the subunits of the Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell receptor.

Updating the Discontinuity Theory to the Extended Immunity: The Symmunobiome Concept. [[{“value”:”Federico Boem, Ingrid Lamminpää, Amedeo Amedei”}]]

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The evolution of the concept of the immune system from a set of composed cells and tissue that defend the host from exogenous agents into a system that has regulatory and homeostatic functions determined by the interaction with microorganisms as a functional part of an extended immune system, that we call symmunobiome. ABSTRACT The immune … Read more

Combined Deletion of ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 Drives Superior Cytokine Production in T Cells at the Cost of Cell Fitness. [[{“value”:”Nordin D. Zandhuis, Antonia Bradarić, Carmen van der Zwaan, Arie J. Hoogendijk, Branka Popović, Monika C. Wolkers”}]]

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The RNA-binding proteins ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 regulate in T cells the production of the key effector molecules TNF, IL-2, and IFNγ. Genetic deletion of ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 induces superior cytokine production in continuously activated tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. However, ZFP36L1+ZFP36L2-deficient T cells exhibit reduced cell fitness: they more frequently undergo apoptosis, potentially due to disrupted cell cycle … Read more

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