European Journal of Immunology

Selecting a sensitive test system is crucial to measure IFNα in serum samples. Simoa digital ELISA stands out for its high sensitivity and strong correlation with transcript-based IFN-induced gene (ISG) scores. In SLE, the ISG score is explained by circulating IFNα levels with negligible contribution from IFNβ or IFNγ. Created in BioRender.

Using mass cytometry, we map the heterogeneous activation of the STING pathway at single-cell resolution in cell lines and primary human immune cells and validate them with conventional techniques. ABSTRACT The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway plays a pivotal role in innate immunity, acting as a key sensor of cytosolic DNA to initiate type-I … Read more

We optimised a protocol for mHA-specific Treg (mTreg) selection in an HLA-matched context while defining its phenotype, transcriptional state and function. mTreg were highly activated and exerted specific, HLA class II-, contact-dependent suppression. This protocol can be explored as a highly personalised antigen-specific Treg-based therapy in future clinical trials for cGVHD. ABSTRACT Graft-versus-host disease is … Read more

This review highlights the hierarchical transcriptional networks that govern macrophage specification and function. We describe how lineage-determining, identity-imprinting, and tissue-specific transcription factors coordinate macrophage differentiation and specialization across organs, emphasizing the transcriptional regulation underlying macrophage diversity in health and disease. ABSTRACT Tissue-resident and recruited macrophages are integral to organ development, homeostasis, immunity, and disease pathogenesis. … Read more

The Janus face of group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s). ILC3s are highly plastic and can adapt their immunoregulatory roles according to the local context, balancing tolerance and activation. Influenced by tissue-specific environmental cues, they can express MHC class II molecules either alone or jointly with costimulatory molecules, therefore presenting acquired antigens for controlling or … Read more

European Journal of Immunology, Volume 55, Issue 12, December 2025.

Our cover features images related to flow cytometry techniques widely used for analysis of function and phenotypes of major human and murine immune cell subsets, superimposed on a multidimensional immune cell population scatter plot. These images are taken from the third edition of EJI’s Flow Cytometry Guidelines by Cossarizza et al., a comprehensive resource prepared … Read more

How the immune system of people with diabetes responds to vaccination against respiratory viruses is not well understood. Using activation-induced markers to identify, quantify, and functionally characterize Spike-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, we show defects in T cell memory maintenance and an IL-10 and IL-13-dominated T cell response in people with … Read more

This review highlights recent advances that enable spatially resolved analysis of immunometabolism within tissue microenvironments. Integrating mass spectrometry imaging, vibrational microscopy, and spatial omics reveals how metabolic organization shapes immune function in cancer and other pathologies. ABSTRACT The metabolic programs of immune cells influence their activation, differentiation, and effector functions. While much of immunometabolism has … Read more

How chronic immune stimulations differentially shape CD4⁺ T cell senescence remains unclear. Using high-dimensional mass cytometry and functional profiling, we show that cytomegalovirus (CMV) drives expansion of cytotoxic CD27−CD28− CD4⁺ T cells, whereas rheumatoid arthritis (RA) exerts nonredundant effects by modulating their effector capacity. ABSTRACT Chronic antigen exposure drives CD4⁺ T cell senescence, yet how … Read more