European Journal of Immunology

Tregs exist in two functional states: TNF-producing Tregs, which are expanded in mouse models of chronic inflammation and cancer, and TNFR2-expressing Tregs, which dominate and transmit their phenotype to TNF+ Tregs. The two states are characterized by distinct phenotypic and functional features. Created in BioRender. Piconese, S. (2025) https://BioRender.com/5cldomx. ABSTRACT TNF is a pleiotropic cytokine … Read more

In the absence of Vγ4⁺ and Vγ6⁺ γδ TCRs, Vγ1 T cells only partially compensate for IL-17 production. These Vγ1 T cells develop pre- and postnatally and show enhanced γδ17 gene signature, but are absent in skin, highlighting the nonredundant role of Vγ4⁺ and Vγ6⁺ subsets in IL-17-mediated immunity. ABSTRACT γδ T cells are unconventional … Read more

Fecal extracellular vesicles (fEVs) were isolated from preserved stool samples in DNA/RNA shield and characterized. In an in vitro model with PBMC, fEVs of pregnant women modulate T cells toward a regulatory phenotype favorable for pregnancy compared to fEVs of non-pregnant women. ABSTRACT Pregnancy requires immune tolerance to a semi-allogeneic fetus, involving profound adaptations, particularly … Read more

Patient heterogeneity remains a challenge in the treatment of lung cancer. Here, patient-derived, ex vivo tumor lung slices originating from the tumor-border are used to unravel microenvironment-specific responses to immunotherapies. The focus lies on the impact of the native tumor microenvironment on CD8+ T cell activation after anti-CD3/CD28 or anti-PD-1 treatment. ABSTRACT Despite advancements in … Read more

This mini-review introduces a special issue on γδ T cells in the European Journal of Immunology. It summarizes how recent advances in single-cell multiomics, mouse models, and human studies have clarified the developmental pathways, TCR–ligand interactions, and adaptive-like responses of γδ T cells. A thorough understanding of the complex biology of these cells is necessary … Read more

Immunoglobulin (Ig) A is the main antibody isotype found on mucosal surfaces in mammals, where it is predominantly present as a dimer. Here we provide an easy, scalable, efficient, and broadly applicable method to produce and purify monoclonal mouse dimeric IgA from single B cell Ig transcripts to study mucosal antibody responses at single-cell level.

Nutrient metabolism (glucose, amino acids, lipids) serves as a critical fourth signal in T-cell activation, with its dysregulation promoting autoimmune pathogenesis in systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis through metabolic reprogramming, offering potential therapeutic targets. ABSTRACT Abnormal T-cell activation and differentiation are pivotal in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. Traditionally, T cell activation … Read more

The innate actions of the immune system allow for a rapid response to potential threats. Here we show that upon classical T cell activation, both murine and human adaptive immune cells can acquire innate capabilities allowing them to respond to cytokines in a TCR independent manner. ABSTRACT Memory T cells, a sizable compartment of the … Read more

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contribute to alloimmune responses and inflammation after lung transplantation through their immunogenic cargo (cytokines, miRNAs, MHC, Col-V, and Ka1T). Potential biomarkers (Col-V, Ka1T, LKB1, and HLA-G) may predict acute rejection and CLAD. EV-based therapies during ex vivo lung perfusion and ischemia-reperfusion preclinical models show potential to improve outcomes. ABSTRACT In the field … Read more

Self-regulation of the IL-1 system mediated by the negative regulatory receptors IL-1R8 and IL-1R2 results in tuning of inflammation and metabolic rewiring, as well as lymphoid or myeloid cell immune suppression. IL-1R8 and IL-1R2 are emerging as potential therapeutic targets to modulate immunopathology and re-educate lymphoid or myeloid cells, respectively. ABSTRACT IL-1 family members and … Read more