Seminars in Immunology

Semin Immunol. 2025 Nov 1;80:102003. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.102003. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Over the past decades, Interleukin-9 (IL-9) and TH9 cells, have gained attention as important regulators of diverse responses throughout the promotion of activation and expansion of diverse cell subtypes. TH9 cells have been studied in several immunological contexts, including allergic and autoimmune responses, … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2025 Nov 1;80:102002. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.102002. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT IL-1β belongs to the IL-1 family and has the particularity to need to be cleaved by caspase-1 to be active. Once processed, IL-1β is secreted and binds to IL-1R1 on target cells, leading to the transcription of specific genes. Within a tumor, IL-1β … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2025 Oct 24;80:102001. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.102001. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Oncolytic viruses are gaining traction as novel cancer immunotherapy tools given their ability to selectively target transformed cells. While direct tumor debulking was historically considered their primary mode of action, it is now appreciated that antitumor immunity significantly contributes to therapeutic efficacy. While … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2025 Oct 16;80:101999. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.101999. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT T helper 9 (Th9) cells, characterized by their production of interleukin-9 (IL-9), play pivotal roles in protective immunity and inflammatory disease. Their differentiation depends on the integration of three signals: TCR engagement (Signal 1), co-stimulatory receptor activation (Signal 2), and cytokine-driven transcriptional programming … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2025 Oct 6;80:101997. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.101997. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The IL-1 family comprises 11 cytokines, including IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), IL-18, IL-33, and IL-36 cytokines to IL-37 and IL-38, that modulate innate immune system activity. In addition to their role in innate immunity, IL-1 family members can activate and enhance … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2025 Sep 30;80:101995. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.101995. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Reovirus is one of the most clinically investigated oncolytic viruses, with over 50 clinical trials and more than 1700 patients treated to date. Although it has yet to achieve complete regulatory approval, reovirus remains a promising oncolytic virus candidate for cancer immunotherapy due … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2025 Sep 29;80:101996. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.101996. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), a rhabdovirus with intrinsic oncolytic properties, has emerged as a promising candidate for cancer therapy. Thanks to impaired antiviral responses affecting cancer cells, particularly downregulated type I interferon signaling, VSV selectively replicates in tumor cells while sparing normal cells. … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2025 Sep 23;80:101994. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.101994. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) is a novel approach to cancer treatment that utilizes viruses to infect and destroy tumor cells selectively. Beyond direct oncolysis, OVT significantly reshapes the tumor microenvironment (TME), activating the adaptive immune system to generate robust and durable anti-tumor immunity. This … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2025 Aug 30;80:101984. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.101984. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The intestinal mucosa employs a diverse set of defense mechanisms-from mucosal barrier regulation to immunoregulatory pathways-to maintain homeostasis despite constant exposure to microbial and dietary antigens. Failure to establish immune tolerance to food antigens can lead to pathological conditions such as celiac disease … Read more

Semin Immunol. 2025 Aug 28;79:101983. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2025.101983. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT In Type 1 diabetes (T1D), pancreatic β cells are progressively lost, resulting in insulin insufficiency. Although exogenous insulin is essential for disease management, it is not a cure, and inadequate glycemic control continues to result in long-term complications. Thus, there is a need … Read more