Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a nuclear factor and member of the IL-1 cytokine family. IL-33 is mainly expressed by epithelial and endothelial cells and exerts its function through interaction with various immune cells, and binding to its receptor can form…
Brain macrophages encompass two major populations: microglia in the parenchyma and border-associated macrophages (BAMs) in the extra-parenchymal compartments. These cells play crucial roles in maintaining brain homeostasis and immune surveillance. Micr…
BackgroundEsophageal cancer (EC) is the seventh-most prevalent cancer worldwide and is a significant contributor to cancer-related mortality. Metabolic reprogramming in tumors frequently coincides with aberrant immune function alterations, and extensiv…
The present immune therapy was focused on the immune checkpoint blockade or Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Immunotherapy (CART) transfer, but how to activate the innate immune system to antitumor still lags out. Neutrophils are the most abundant circ…
Osteosarcoma is a highly malignant tumor with unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes achieved by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. As an emerging oncological treatment, immunotherapy has shown potential in the clinical management of many tumors but…
Viral infectious diseases, caused by numerous viruses including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza A virus (IAV), enterovirus (EV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and human papillomavir…
Immunometabolism is an emerging field that explores the intricate interplay between immune cells and metabolism. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), which maintain immune homeostasis in immunometabolism, play crucial regulatory roles. The activation, different…
During tumor immunosurveillance, leukocytes play a crucial role in the cellular defense system, working collaboratively with other immune components to recognize and eliminate aberrant cells. Integral to this process is the integrin Lymphocyte Function…
Despite the significant advancements in cancer research, innovative approaches are still needed to reduce tumor incidence, progression, and dissemination, as well as for prolonging patient survival. Currently, the development of cancer vaccines is gain…
The gut microbiome has emerged as a pivotal area of research due to its significant influence on the immune system and cognitive functions. Cognitive disorders, including dementia and Parkinson’s disease, represent substantial global health challenges….
