Frontiers in Immunology
Human leukocyte antigen genotype modulates cytomegalovirus- and Epstein–Barr virus-specific T-cell response in healthy donors for optimized virus-specific T-cell donor selection
IntroductionReactivation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a major complication in immunocompromised patients, and understanding donor variability in antiviral immunity is essential for optimizing adoptive T-cell therapy. This st…
Early CCR2-dependent monocyte recruitment defines a critical neuroinflammatory window after subarachnoid hemorrhage
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remains a devastating cerebrovascular disease with limited therapies targeting secondary neurological injury. Increasing evidence suggests that the early brain injury (EBI) period within the first 72h after SAH represents …
NF-κB-dependent and independent inflammatory responses during acute HIV-1 infection in a model of human microglia
IntroductionMicroglia are the main targets of HIV-1 infection in the central nervous system (CNS) and are considered important contributors to chronic neuroinflammation in people living with HIV (PLWH). In this study, we investigated the mechanisms lea…
Pre-vaccination biomarkers of enteric dysfunction, inflammation and nutritional status associate with seroconversion to oral cholera vaccine and are perturbed during natural infection
BackgroundOral cholera vaccines (OCVs) show variable immunogenicity in endemic settings. Host factors including enteric dysfunction, systemic inflammation, and nutritional status may influence responses, yet their role in shaping OCV immune responses i…
Clinical spectrum and survival outcomes of malignancies in pediatric patients with inborn errors of immunity
BackgroundInborn errors of immunity (IEI) predispose patients to malignancy, particularly lymphoma, but data on diagnostic sequence and outcomes are limited.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed IEI-associated malignancies diagnosed at a single center bet…
Novel therapeutic strategies for ccRCC through integration of systemic drug combinations and oncolytic adenovirus immunotherapy
IntroductionClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains a significant therapeutic challenge due to its biological heterogeneity, variable clinical behavior, and limited efficacy of single-agent systemic therapies. Combination strategies targeting m…
Analysis of influencing factors for syphilis serofast and development and evaluation of a predictive model
BackgroundWith the rising incidence of syphilis in recent decades, the number of patients with syphilis serofast has also increased, posing challenges to clinical management of patients and increasing the social burden.ObjectiveIn this study, we aimed …
Beyond the alarm: unveiling the multifaceted role of IL-33 in kidney disease
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) has long been categorized as a prototypical alarmin released upon cellular injury to initiate Th2-skewed immune responses. However, accumulating evidence from diverse kidney disease models and patient cohorts has unveiled a far m…
Disease-specific biomarker value of C-reactive protein and its composite indices in autoinflammatory diseases: an integrated study of multi-modal omics and population cohorts
BackgroundAutoinflammatory diseases (AIDs) are a heterogeneous group of innate immune-driven disorders whose prevalence is rising globally, yet the lack of disease-specific biomarkers continues to hamper accurate disease activity assessment, phenotype …