Mesenteric Adipose Tissue as a Modulator of Intestinal Inflammation: Mechanistic Insights and Model Systems in Crohn’s Disease. [[{“value”:”Toka Omar, Carl Weidinger, Britta Siegmund”}]]

This review explores how mesenteric adipose tissue, particularly creeping fat, contributes to intestinal inflammation through dysregulated adipokine signalling. We explore how metabolic stress alters immune-adipose interactions and promotes disease progression. Insights from mechanistic studies highlight mesenteric adipose tissue as a key driver of inflammation and a potential therapeutic target. ABSTRACT Inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn’s … Read more

The Memory Inflation Response Against Spread‐Defective CMV Requires Priming‐Independent CD4+ T Cell Help. [[{“value”:”Jack Barton, Yeonsu Kim, Matthias T. Warkotsch, Luka Cicin‐Sain, Mateusz P. Poltorak, Veit R. Buchholz, Dirk H. Busch”}]]

Inducing memory inflation (MI) is a promising future vaccination strategy. We show that spread-defective cytomegalovirus does not induce MI in the absence of CD4+ T cells. Support from CD4+ T cells can drive effector differentiation of MI cells, even late in the response, and contributes to long-term response maintenance. ABSTRACT Memory inflation (MI) is a … Read more

T Cell Exhaustion as a Regulated Differentiation Programme. [[{“value”:”Marc Veldhoen, Cristina Ferreira”}]]

This review highlights T cell exhaustion as an adaptive differentiation trajectory, not dysfunction, showing how precursor, intermediate, and terminal exhausted states maintain antigen recognition while limiting tissue damage in chronic immune activation. ABSTRACT T cell exhaustion is now recognised as a structured, antigen-driven differentiation programme rather than a state of cellular fatigue. Under sustained antigen … Read more

Decoding the Factor H‐Related Proteins: Gatekeepers of Complement Dysregulation in AMD. [[{“value”:”Jiaqi Tang, Nathalie Zgoda, Simon J. Clark”}]]

This review will explore the role of the factor H-related (FHR) proteins in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), their accumulation in the outer blood/retinal barrier, and how they may contribute to barrier dysfunction and inflammation. ABSTRACT Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the third most common form of blindness in the Western world, with a predicted 288 … Read more

Mitochondrial potential reflects T cell fitness and function during cancer immunotherapy

J Immunol. 2026 Jun 7;215(6):vkag120. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag120. ABSTRACT Checkpoint inhibitors have transformed cancer treatment, yet predicting responses remains challenging. Mitochondrial quality decreases in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and correlates with impaired antitumor immunity in animal models. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) increases with T cell activation and may also indicate cellular dysfunction. Here, we assessed the MMP … Read more

Compensatory relationships determine the impact of TGF-β on the humoral immune response to hepatitis B surface antigen

J Immunol. 2026 Jun 7;215(6):vkag129. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag129. ABSTRACT Despite an effective vaccine against the hepatitis B virus (HBV), there are about 250 million people living with chronic HBV (CHB) worldwide and one million deaths annually. Most children and about 5% of adults exposed to HBV will fail to clear the virus, developing a lifelong infection. … Read more

Metabolic adaptations of inflammatory macrophages govern ferroptosis susceptibility via the GCH1-BH4-iNOS axis

J Immunol. 2026 Jun 7;215(6):vkag146. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag146. ABSTRACT In inflammatory tissue niches, macrophages encounter intense oxidative stress due to their own production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species as part of antimicrobial defense. Our findings reveal that inflammatory macrophages deploy distinct, context-dependent redox-protective mechanisms to survive this self-inflicted stress, thereby avoiding ferroptotic cell death. Specifically, … Read more

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