Single-cell and spatial multi-omics reveal estrogen-mediated vaginal wall microenvironment remodeling and a perivascular reparative niche in postmenopausal pelvic organ prolapse
IntroductionLocal estrogen is widely used to improve vaginal mucosal status and relieve menopausal urogenital symptoms in patients with pelvic organ prolapse (POP), yet clinical outcomes are inconsistent. This creates an urgent need to clarify the tiss…