BackgroundRecent studies have shown that immunotherapy improves survival outcomes for patients with a late staged cancer. However, in a small number of cases do not benefit from this treatment and instead experience rapid tumor progression, known as hy…
Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM), part of the spectrum of stiff-person syndrome (SPS), is a rare neurological disorder characterized by axial and limb rigidity, painful muscle spasms, hyperekplexia, brainstem signs, and …
Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition (PGNMID) is a rare variant of monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS). Although the pathogenesis of PGNMID is not yet fully understood, it is currently hypothesized t…
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a rare hematologic disorder characterized by low platelet counts due to an immune-mediated destruction of platelets. While corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) are the mainstays of treatment, a subset of p…
IntroductionMembranous nephropathy (MN) is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome (NS) in adults. Without treatment, two-thirds of patients with MN develop nonprogressive chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease within 10 years. Obinutuzumab (OB…
Alopecia Areata (AA) is a common form of scarless alopecia. Its pathogenesis may be related to T cell-mediated autoimmune attack on hair follicles. Its clinical manifestations are mostly round or oval patches of AA, which can progress to Alopecia Total…
Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease that often affects the exocrine glands. However, pSS can also affect the kidneys, most commonly involving the kidney interstitium. Recent studies have demonstrated that some membranous nephropat…
Anti-platelet factor 4 (PF4) immunothrombosis is characterized by thrombocytopenia, thrombosis and enhanced NETosis and has been described in the absence of prior heparin exposure. This case report describes a patient with antineutrophil cytoplasmic an…
Mucosal melanoma, a rare subtype of melanoma affecting mucosal surfaces, presents significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment, particularly due to its low programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and reduced response to immune checkpoint inhi…
Community-acquired Roseomonas mucosa sepsis can lead to significant morbidity and mortality if not diagnosed promptly. We report a case of a 59-year-old woman with community-acquired Roseomonas mucosa sepsis who presented with persistent fever progress…
