Microglia are highly specialized immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). These cells exhibit remarkable plasticity, enabling them to adopt distinct phenotypes and functional profiles in response to changes in their microenvironment. Biologica…
Background and objectivesLupus nephritis (LN) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Although recent years have witnessed the approval of several targeted therapies, achieving long-term, drug-free remi…
“Moderate-intensity exercise” is widely regarded as anti-inflammatory; however, meta-analyses of key cytokines have yielded highly inconsistent results. We argue that this inconsistency reflects not mere statistical noise, but a fundamental conceptual …
Despite major advances in lipid-lowering therapy and stent technology, a substantial proportion of patients undergoing contemporary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) experience recurrent major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) driven by persi…
Obesity drives cardiovascular disease primarily through chronic meta-inflammation, yet the precise molecular convergence linking nutrient excess to sustained NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages has remained unclear. Obesity induces inhibitory …
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is the most prevalent and debilitating complication of diabetes, with a notable absence of effective disease-modifying therapies in clinical practice. This article proposes a shift in the pathological progression of DN from foc…
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) has historically been framed as a disease initiated and maintained by dysregulated immunity that targets insulin producing β-cells. However, recent findings from human tissue analysis, single cell transcriptomics, and longitudinal…
Cholera has re-emerged as a major global public health threat. Orally administered attenuated or inactivated vaccines offer protection against enteric pathogens such as Vibrio cholerae, and several World Health Organization-prequalified oral cholera va…
The chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 play context-dependent roles in hair follicle biology. While recent findings suggest that regulatory T cells (Tregs) utilize the CXCL12–CXCR4 axis to modestly promote hair follicle regeneration under homeosta…
Prediabetes affects a significant portion of the global population. Shifting the clinical paradigm from delaying type 2 diabetes (T2D) to actively achieving remission offers a transformative opportunity. This perspective article posits that anti-inflam…
