Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a major global health burden with limited effective therapeutic strategies. Although chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has shown encouraging potential, its efficacy in HCC is profoundly co…
Background
The acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) is a major driver of immunosuppression and tumor progression in breast cancer. Although myosin VI (MYO6), an actin-dependent motor protein, is frequently upregulated in malignancies, its function in i…
Background
Circulating tumor antigens (ctA; tumor markers) are blood-based proteins that can offer prognostic value in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and may serve as potential early surrogates for survival. Given the significantly reduced testing…
Background
Cancer-associated mesothelial cells (CAMCs) are key modulators of the ovarian tumor microenvironment, contributing to tumor growth and immune evasion. Mesothelial cells (MCs) maintain peritoneal homeostasis and immune surveillance and repre…
Background
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is characterized by strong immune evasion and profound metabolic reprogramming. A high regulatory T cell (Treg)/CD8+ T cell ratio and an increased proportion of M2/M1 tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs)…
Epithelioid angiomyolipoma (E-AML) is a rare renal tumor, which can exhibit malignant potential. Because angiomyolipomas frequently harbor TSC1/TSC2 alterations, mTOR inhibitors are commonly used. However, durable disease control remains inconsistent….
Background
Although chromosome 14q deletion (14q–) is present in up to 40% of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cases, its immunologic and molecular impact remains unclear. Because TRAF3 and NFKBIA, key regulators of nuclear factor kappa-l…
Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide and is characterized by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). While adaptive immunity contributes to tumor control, growing evidence underscores t…
Background
The peritumoral microenvironment has emerged as a key role in affecting tumor invasion and immunotherapy responses. In adipose-enriched tumors, such as breast cancer (BC), peritumoral adipose tissue (PA) harbors unconventional immune popula…
Background
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) macrophage therapy shows significant potential for solid tumors owing to the intrinsic tumor infiltration and phagocytic capacity of macrophages. However, its clinical translation is limited by macrophage phe…
