HER2-positive breast cancer with invasive micropapillary carcinoma component shows immunosuppressive microenvironment and resistance to neoadjuvant therapy

BackgroundInvasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) is a rare histopathological subtype of breast cancer (BC) that shows a high incidence of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive expression. However, the therapeutic efficacy of curren…

Immunological microenvironment and targeted therapeutics in multiple sclerosis: new insights in crosstalk between immune niches and CNS

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that predominantly affects young adults. However, current disease-modifying therapies demonstrate limited efficacy in addressing progressive disease subtypes, …

Exploring the role of APRIL in autoimmunity: implications for therapeutic targeting in systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjögren’s syndrome

Autoimmunity arises when the immune system erroneously attacks self-antigens, potentially resulting in organ dysfunction. This review focuses on the proliferation-inducing ligand, APRIL, and its critical role in regulating antibody-producing B cells. W…

Exploring the role of APRIL in autoimmunity: implications for therapeutic targeting in systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjögren’s syndrome

Autoimmunity arises when the immune system erroneously attacks self-antigens, potentially resulting in organ dysfunction. This review focuses on the proliferation-inducing ligand, APRIL, and its critical role in regulating antibody-producing B cells. W…

Exploring the role of APRIL in autoimmunity: implications for therapeutic targeting in systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjögren’s syndrome

Autoimmunity arises when the immune system erroneously attacks self-antigens, potentially resulting in organ dysfunction. This review focuses on the proliferation-inducing ligand, APRIL, and its critical role in regulating antibody-producing B cells. W…

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