Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a stress-responsive cytokine that has emerged as a pleiotropic regulator in skin biology, yet its context-dependent functions—ranging from protective to pathogenic—remain incompletely understood. This narrati…
IntroductionHepatitis B virus (HBV) is the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma and infections remain a substantial global health problem for which no curative therapy exists. As cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes are the principal effectors of natural …
BackgroundHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage activation syndrome (HLH/MAS) is one of the most common complications of adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD), and a leading cause of organ failure and mortality in these patients. Early diagnosis a…
IntroductionVitamin D deficiency is a recognized risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS), yet the in vivo molecular mechanisms linking vitamin D3 supplementation to immune regulation remain incompletely understood. MethodsWe performed longitudinal RNA …
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) plays a crucial role in regulating microglial function in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. Genetic studies have identified rare coding variants in TREM2 as signific…
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disorder characterized by intense pruritus, eczematous lesions, and significant impairment of quality of life. In severe or chronic cases, AD can present with diverse atypical phenotypes,…
Gamma delta (γδ) T cells exhibit unique antiviral, antibacterial, and antitumor properties. Advancing the fundamental understanding of γδ T cell immunobiology and unlocking their full therapeutic potential requires detailed immunophenotypic profiling a…
IntroductionToxoplasma gondii can cause toxoplasmosis. It is an important type of pathogen within the broad category of emerging and re-emerging zoonoses. As an infectious disease featuring a complex multi-host transmission cycle, it poses an increasin…
Nef is a non-structural regulatory protein of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that exerts pleiotropic effects on the immune system. In infected cells, Nef modulates the surface expression of molecules critical for immune responses and regulates cyto…
BackgroundThree convergent phenomena in biomedical research have lacked a unified mechanistic explanation: the dendritic cell dysfunction of aging, the immune evasion of cancer, and the tolerogenic bias of chronic infection. Each is characterized by fa…
