Camrelizumab plus nimotuzumab as second-line therapy for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a multicenter phase II study

Background
Therapeutic options for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) after first-line failure remain limited, particularly in patients previously exposed to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). We evaluated the efficacy, safety, and e…

Anti-CMV IgG titer determines organ-specific protection toward immune checkpoint blockade-induced toxicities

Background
Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) post-immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) are a leading cause of patient morbidity. Robust peripheral biomarkers of irAEs are required to improve patient stratification to existing treatment regimens, and t…

TAMing the tumor: targeting immune inhibitory receptors on tumor-associated macrophages in pediatric brain tumors – an emerging immunotherapy strategy

Brain tumors are the most common solid tumors in children. Despite recent advancements in cancer survival, the prognosis for high-grade pediatric brain tumors remains poor, with treatments resulting in severe long-term side effects. Over the last deca…

Transcriptomic analysis of a phase 1 trial for intraperitoneal monocytes plus IFNs in ovarian cancer reveals support and recruitment of cell-mediated immunity

Background
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy and lacks therapeutic options in the recurrent setting. We previously determined the safety and initial clinical activity of intraperitoneal autologous monocytes with interferon gam…

Phase 1/1b open-label, first-in-human study of HER2xCD3xCD28 trispecific T-cell engager (SAR443216) in participants with R/R HER2-expressing solid tumors

Background
SAR443216 is an engineered human trispecific antibody that targets human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive (HER2+) cancer cells and activates T cells via co-engagement of cluster of differentiation (CD)3 and CD28. This firs…

Anti-CTLA-4 antibody potentiates the antitumor effect of armed oncolytic virus OVM18 via enhancing intratumoral IL-18R1+CD8+ T cells

Background
Oncolytic virus M1 encoding a mutant IL-18 decoy (OVM18) represents a novel virotherapy that integrates selective oncolysis with localized activation of the IL-18 pathway. However, the heterogeneity of therapeutic responses suggests that ho…

Evaluating the potential of candidate surrogate endpoints for overall survival in treatment-naive metastatic melanoma treated with anti-PD-1-based regimens with or without anti-CTLA-4 therapy

Background
Using surrogates for overall survival (OS) may expedite the development of, and patient access to, novel treatments. We assessed potential surrogates for OS in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with nivolumab-containing regimens in …

Spatial habitat radiomics predicts tertiary lymphoid structure status and identifies an IDO1+ migratory dendritic cell axis in breast cancer

Background
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are spatially organized immune niches associated with therapeutic response and favorable outcomes in breast cancer (BC). However, TLS assessment currently relies on invasive tissue-based analyses, and the …

GTPase RAB31 supports ANXA1-driven macrophage education through clathrin-mediated endocytosis to suppress antitumor immunity

Background
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play pivotal roles in shaping the tumor-microenvironment (TME) through functional plasticity, which is regulated by extrinsic and intrinsic signals. However, the role of vesicular trafficking in TAMs rema…

Overall survival of immunotherapy versus standard of care in chemorefractory microsatellite stable metastatic colorectal cancer: a propensity score matched analysis of 708 patients

Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have limited efficacy in proficient mismatch repair/microsatellite stable (pMMR/MSS) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, selected patients with specific metastatic patterns may derive benefit.

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