Diverse origin and nature of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes: the infection hypothesis

In the 19th century, Rudolf Virchow observed lymphocyte infiltration in tumors and suggested a potential link between cancer and inflammation. Current explanations for the origin of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are based on the interaction between c…

Sleeping Beauty mutagenesis identifies BACH2 and other regulators of CD8+ T-cell exhaustion, persistence in vivo, and CAR-T cell function under tumor-associated chronic antigen stimulation

Background
Genes that enhance T-cell function represent promising targets for improving engineered T-cell therapies for cancer. While extensive CRISPR knockout screens have identified key genes enhancing T-cell persistence, employing Sleeping Beauty (…

Anti-PD1-IL18 immunoconjugate promotes effector T cell-mediated antitumor immunity

Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized cancer therapy, yet a substantial proportion of patients exhibit primary or acquired resistance. Immunocytokines offer a strategy to enhance antitumor immunity by delivering cytokine signals …

LysoPS-GPR34 axis enhances tumor-associated macrophages efferocytosis to promote immune escape in gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis

Background
Metabolites sculpt the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that facilitates immune evasion. As a crucial signaling lysophospholipid, lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS) correlates with advanced disease stages in multiple tumor types….

BCL-2/BCL-xL inhibitor pelcitoclax with osimertinib for EGFR-mutated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase 1b trial

Background
Overcoming tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance improves survival in advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We therefore examined the safety and preliminary efficacy of pelcitoclax…

Adjuvant penpulimab in very-high risk clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a prospective, non-randomized, controlled phase II trial with integrated plasma multi-omics analyses

Purpose
Patients with very-high risk clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remain at substantial risk of recurrence after nephrectomy. However, heterogeneity in benefit from adjuvant immunotherapy observed in the KEYNOTE-564 trial, together with lim…

Concomitant medication reporting should accompany fecal microbiota transplantation plus anti-PD-1 therapy in gastric cancer

This commentary discusses the phase I study of fecal microbiota transplantation plus anti-programmed cell death protein 1 therapy in refractory microsatellite-stable gastric cancer. We suggest that this strategy should be treated as a pharmacomicrobio…

Plasma proteomics predicts pathological complete response and reveals LIF as a potential mediator of resistance to neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in resectable NSCLC

Background
Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (nICT) is increasingly used for resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), yet a substantial proportion of patients fail to achieve pathological complete response (pCR). Clinically scalable, minimally inva…

Clinical significance of CD161+CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and their association with the 4-1BB signaling pathway

Background
CD161+CD8+ T cells, a cytotoxic T cell subset, remain poorly defined in terms of their clinical significance and functional role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), which has limited the advancement of precision immunotherapy stra…

Secondary peripheral T-cell lymphoma in a patient with DLBCL harboring BLM mutation following CD19/CD22 bispecific CAR-T cell therapy

We describe a case of secondary peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) arising from infused CD19/CD22-4-1BB-CD3-lenti bispecific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells in a patient with relapsed or refractory B-cell lymphoma who carried a pathogenic germl…

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