BackgroundAccurate and cost-effective screening for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection remains a global challenge. While Interferon-γ Release Assays (IGRAs) offer high specificity, their widespread deployment is hindered by high costs and techn…
IntroductionLumpy Skin Disease (LSD), caused by a Capripoxvirus, has caused severe outbreaks among cattle in India. The disease status and vaccine response of Mithun (Bos frontalis), a semi-domesticated bovine species of major socio-economic importance…
Cancer immunity is commonly interpreted through tumor-centric and immune-intrinsic frameworks centered on antigenicity, immune checkpoint signaling, stromal architecture, and local immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment. Although these mod…
IntroductionBiological sex is a key modifier of HIV pathogenesis, with women more frequently achieving spontaneous viral control than men. Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), an endosomal RNA sensor encoded on the X chromosome that escapes X-inactivation, pla…
BackgroundSecondary Lactose intolerance (SLI) is common among infants in China, primarily resulting from secondary lactase deficiency due to mucosal damage. Current diagnostic methods are limited by poor sensitivity and specificity.ObjectiveTo investig…
BackgroundBreast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women worldwide. Histamine (HIS) has been associated with either pro-tumor or anti-tumor effects, depending on the receptor evaluated. It exerts its physiological and pharmacological…
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering disorder that predominantly affects the elderly. Its pathogenesis involves the disruption of the basement membrane zone (BMZ), driven by pathogenic autoantibodies and a pronounced inflammatory respons…
BackgroundMucosal melanomas arise from melanocytes in mucosal tissues, and it’s usually detected at a late stage owing to its anatomic location. Advances in immunotherapies have proved to be promising therapeutic approaches for advanced mucosal melanom…
BackgroundThe predominant cause of lower back pain (LBP) is intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), which has a substantial financial cost to both individuals and society. In the pathophysiology of IVDD, the immune-inflammatory response is crucial. Th…
