Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) secretes the low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase B (PtpB), which disrupts key host innate immune defenses. This review synthesizes current knowledge regarding PtpB, highlighting its unique structural featu…
Natural killer (NK) cells show day–night variation in both number and effector function. We compile findings from human cohorts, animal models, and cell studies on how circadian timing shapes NK biology. Evidence spans daily changes in counts and reado…
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death driven by phospholipid peroxidation. In the central nervous system (CNS), most ferroptosis research has focused on neurons and glial cells, whereas the vulnerability of brain microvascular e…
BackgroundRecurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL) is significantly associated with Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS), yet the shared pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. This study identifies potential hub genes for APS-related RPL, providing insights into its p…
IntroductionAtopic dermatitis (AD), a common chronic inflammatory skin disease, is characterized by type-2-mediated inflammation, along with the detection of type-1 and type-3 cytokines in lesional skin. The skin microbiome of lesional skin is dominate…
The COVID-19 pandemic established mRNA vaccines as a clinically validated platform for rapid vaccine development and deployment. This review summarizes recent progress in COVID-19 mRNA vaccine technology, clinical performance, immunological mechanisms,…
Trained immunity (TI) reveals that innate immune cells acquire long-term functional memory through metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming. This review examines TI in chronic liver diseases and periodontitis, proposing the “Liver-Gut-Immune-Oral Axis” a…
Tumor immunotherapy is often limited by microenvironmental heterogeneity and immune tolerance. The mechanical properties of tumors, such as matrix stiffening and elevated interstitial fluid pressure, sustain immunosuppressive programs and create physic…
The Leptospira-associated acute encephalopathy syndrome (AES) is a severe neurological complication, largely affecting the endemic regions. Unlike other classical neurotropic infections, Leptospira-induced encephalopathy is mainly induced via immune-me…
The global epidemic of diabetes mellitus the limitations of current therapies-including waning efficacy, adverse effects, and inability to modify disease progression-have accelerated the shift from conventional pharmacotherapy toward biologic agents. T…
