Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) plays a crucial role in regulating microglial function in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. Genetic studies have identified rare coding variants in TREM2 as signific…
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disorder characterized by intense pruritus, eczematous lesions, and significant impairment of quality of life. In severe or chronic cases, AD can present with diverse atypical phenotypes,…
Gamma delta (γδ) T cells exhibit unique antiviral, antibacterial, and antitumor properties. Advancing the fundamental understanding of γδ T cell immunobiology and unlocking their full therapeutic potential requires detailed immunophenotypic profiling a…
IntroductionToxoplasma gondii can cause toxoplasmosis. It is an important type of pathogen within the broad category of emerging and re-emerging zoonoses. As an infectious disease featuring a complex multi-host transmission cycle, it poses an increasin…
Nef is a non-structural regulatory protein of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that exerts pleiotropic effects on the immune system. In infected cells, Nef modulates the surface expression of molecules critical for immune responses and regulates cyto…
IntroductionMast cells (MCs) play important roles in allergic reactions and tissue homeostasis; however, their functions in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain controversial. Understanding the heterogeneity and functional states of MCs in …
New-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) is a life-threatening neurological condition that emerges abruptly in individuals without a prior history of epilepsy and is characterised by seizures that are refractory to standard antiseizure medicatio…
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), a leading driver of chronic low back pain, has become a major socioeconomic and public health burden due to its high disability rate and substantial treatment costs. Accumulating evidence has redefined IDD as an …
Obesity-driven type 2 diabetes mellitus is sustained by chronic low-grade sterile inflammation. The intercellular mechanisms underlying this self-amplifying state remain incompletely defined. Extracellular vesicles and neutrophil extracellular traps ha…
Degenerative musculoskeletal and metabolic bone diseases are increasingly recognized as conditions sustained not only by endocrine and mechanical factors, but also by chronic low-grade immune activation and osteo-immune imbalance. This Perspective prop…
