BackgroundCentral nervous system (CNS) injury is a major determinant of mortality and persistent disability after heat stroke. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are candidate cell-free immunomodulatory therapeutics,…
Esophageal carcinoma (EC) remains one of the most lethal malignancies, with a five-year survival rate of only 15-25% in advanced stages. Although immunotherapy including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and antibody-based therapies have improved cli…
BackgroundIschemia–reperfusion injury remains a major challenge in liver transplantation and plays a major role in pathophysiology leading to graft failure. Machine perfusion (MP) is a promising approach to restitute marginal donor livers. However, the…
Chemotherapy is one of the important clinical treatments for malignant tumors, but primary or acquired chemotherapy resistance significantly limits patient benefits. Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) has been reported to be regulated by chemotherapy an…
Adenosine accumulation within the tumour microenvironment is a major barrier to effective cancer immunotherapy, driving potent immunosuppression through adenosine receptor signalling. While current clinical strategies primarily target the A2A adenosine…
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor of children and adolescents. Multiagent neoadjuvant chemotherapy once improved survival substantially, but outcomes have since plateaued. Delivering immunotherapy before surgery is attractive…
BackgroundActive central nervous system (CNS) infection can resemble acute immune polyradiculoneuropathy, and the two processes may coexist. We describe a patient with neurosyphilis, rapidly progressive paraparetic weakness, and anti-GT1a IgG detected …
IntroductionPregnancy requires coordinated immune adaptation to maintain fetal tolerance while preserving antiviral defense. However, the temporal dynamics of maternal cellular immunity and maternal-fetal antibody transfer after SARS-CoV-2 infection du…
Women living with HIV experience a disproportionate burden of persistent high-risk human papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer, yet they remain underrepresented in pivotal immunotherapy trials. Consequently, the effects of HIV-associated immune …
