IntroductionCytokines used during chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell manufacturing can influence product differentiation and functional fitness.MethodsWe investigated whether adding IL-21 to an IL-7 + IL-15 expansion regimen modulates CD84-directed…
BackgroundObesity correlates closely with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with central adiposity, dyslipidemia and chronic low-grade inflammation as typical pathological features. Physical exercise is recommended as a safe core non-pharmacological int…
Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) arises from a T-cell–mediated immune attack on the gastric parietal cell and carries a dual neoplastic risk: gastric adenocarcinoma through spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) and intestinal metaplasia, and t…
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains difficult to treat with adoptive cell therapies because of antigen heterogeneity, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments, stromal barriers, and manufacturing variability. Direct evidence for iPSC-derived CA…
Organ-specific metastatic niches begin at vascular–immune interfaces, where endothelial heterogeneity and tissue-resident immunity shape the fate of disseminated tumor cells. Hemodynamics and vascular geometry shape initial tumor-cell encounters, where…
De novo CD20-negative Epstein–Barr virus-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (EBV+ DLBCL, NOS), is a rare subtype of DLBCL. CD20 loss complicates both diagnosis and treatment by limiting anti-CD20 antibody use and broadening…
Bone metabolic disorders, such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis, are characterized by disrupted skeletal homeostasis and represent major challenges in musculoskeletal health. Bone remodeling has long been interpreted as a coord…
Anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody-based regimens have emerged as the first-line standard of care for transplant-ineligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM), yet direct head-to-head comparisons between individual regimens remain limited. The systemat…
Osteosarcoma exhibits limited responsiveness to immune checkpoint blockade, a feature commonly referred to as immune coldness. However, interpreting immune coldness as a fixed tumour trait may underestimate the spatially and temporally dynamic processe…
