Although antibiotic therapy effectively cures active tuberculosis (TB), many survivors are left with permanent lung damage and long-lasting immune alterations. Growing epidemiological evidence indicates that individuals with prior pulmonary TB have a t…
We describe the case of a young female who presented with apparent human metapneumovirus-associated illness and dehydration, but whose condition rapidly worsened with progression to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Multiple modalities were u…
Immunotherapy biomarker research has long relied on peripheral blood as the main sample source. However, significant spatial heterogeneity exists between peripheral blood and the tumor microenvironment (TME). This perspective article proposes that the …
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) plays a crucial role in tumor immunity. STAT3 promote angiogenesis, EMT, CD8+ T cell activation and exhaustion and CD4+ T cells differentiation. Simultaneously, STAT3 aberrant activation inhibi…
Background and aimRepulsive guidance molecule-A (RGMa) is well-known for its roles in T-cell-mediated neuroinflammation and CNS repair. Innate-adaptive immune interactions, particularly between neutrophils and Th17 cells, are emerging as critical drive…
BackgroundMitochondria transfer is an emerging mechanism of intercellular communication involved in mitochondrial homeostasis, metabolic remodeling, immune regulation, inflammatory responses, tumor progression, and mitochondrial transplantation-based t…
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by sustained neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, demyelination, and progressive neurodegeneration. Although MS remains incurable, current disea…
BackgroundHypercytokinemia is a major contributor of tissue damage and mortality in severe influenza. However, most studies rely on static, single-time-point measurements, providing limited insight into the evolving inflammatory response. The prognosti…
BackgroundInterleukin-6 (IL-6) and ferritin are routinely monitored during chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy; however, their temporal dynamics and outcome-specific relevance remain inadequately characterized. This study aimed to evaluate…
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) orchestrate immune tolerance, tissue homeostasis, and tissue repair, and their dysfunction contributes to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Rather than representing a uniform lineage, Tregs comprise specialized cellular s…
